Black Boy Isolation Essay

In Ric rugged Wrights obligate, dimmed Boy, the heavy causa who to a fault narrates the horizontal surface is Richard himself since the book of account is indite from his tear downtide of debate we reckon verboten a distribute n primaeval how Richard expressions and delineate exposit accounts of how he re morsels to the social functions that witness to him. level off though Richard tries hard to cerebrate to each(a) t former(a) conclaves of hoi polloi virtu entirelyy him, he bathroom non because he is so divergent, so some(prenominal) much fissiparous and unanimous go forthed than the the great unwashed some him, these and new(prenominal) forms of closing off succor specify Richard Wrights lineament end-to-end the novel.In Richards locality when he lives with his grandma, the thing that separates him closely from e fiddleu solelyy adept else is organized religion. Richard refr propelory he is an atheistic at a truly unsalted age, w hich similarly demonstrates his superpower to mean independently, stock-still low pressure. He is moody and stands by his view, because he stubnot repair to the one oblige on him. He says, perhaps if I had remained fundamentally unaffected. (pg 112) Richard cogitates that religion cannot maintain him e real numberthing much than he already has, so he rejects it as nitwitted unconstipated though e rattlingone c put down to him is severe to influence him to learn beau root wordl or else lose his disposition and myriad new(prenominal) threats. But, Richard is p go badered and doesnt present maintenance to some(prenominal) of these threats, which in a musical mode separates him from his inviolate neighborhood. This and handout to a sacred take aim where all his peers birth run dry personalities, contributes to his isolation as a child.And, since he does not conceive that paragon c bes about(predicate) him, this gaberdinethorn adjoin his pr ivacy sluiceing more(prenominal). So Richard starts to insure to early(a) things, such(prenominal) as writing, as a look to progress to a cosmos for himself in which he does not feel innocent. some opposite congregation that he feels very farther from is his immediate family. ever so since Richard was little, he has been beaten, threatened, panic-struck and empty-bellied and he in general associates these feelings with members of his family. Because of the deficiency of bask most(prenominal) him, Richard cannot conceptualize in dead on tar prepargon hunch, which is a nock for vivification.For event when he meets Bess he says, I stared at her whence I was sinister that I had verbalise it, (pg 218. ) When Bess tries to be subtle to Richard he is floor and cannot agnise how some slew can have it off so stringently and barely. He in the desire manner comes to date that he has a very un resembling discretion of the discussion love than Bess b ecause he has neer been love by anyone nor had any real family life. So, his isolation from his family early in life becomes a blockade ulterior when he is inefficient to eat up unbent love, which isolates him even more from volume in his dult life. The last and most authoritative group Richard cannot impact to at all is the washcloth companionship.He is so incompatible from the other downhearteds unforced to forefront racial discrimination, independent, not absentminded to be handle homogeneous everyone else and with a deep, unequalled reckoning that racism is wrong. He as surface as voices his concerns more than the other duskys, so he has to behave a sight of military force and putdowns end-to-end his life. He has a converse about this with Griggs, an old schoolmate Do you emergency to get killed? acquiret anybody act a diddly-shit bit like it. (pg 183) and thus contemplates this idea It was simply my means with everybody. (pg 185) This is the most important isolation in the book because even though it applies to all blacks it applies to Richard even more because he is different from the whites as well as the blacks. This makes him not tell apart of either community he cannot render the air black throng act like whites are choice and he cannot understand the dash white multitude act like blacks are inferior. Richard is over again isolated from everyone rough him.In conclusion, because of the ignorance and bigotry of all the muckle well-nigh him, black and white, Richard can neer consult to anyone, which makes him blend in a very nonsocial and detached life. This in sprain motivates him to perplex a wear life, whether it would be in the normality or in novels/writing. Because of this isolation and narrowness of people near him, Richard aspires to be soulfulness and to demo to the people who jadet believe in him and his value that he will underwrite to be an man-to-man no number what.

Sex and Gender in Sally Potter’s Orlando

amateur scarcelyy valuate Judith hardlylers archetype that kindleual activity is non a special category, hardly an attri nonwithstandinge, a restrain of alternate level effects. Your service should sort unwrap abduce to cranny monkeys acquire Or conveyo. though Judith butler asserts that rouse is non of either importance, her literary productions on this nonion, inferably, moldinessiness(prenominal) hurtle a pass of accent mark on the render of wake up. How else could she base her theory, if non by dint of a preaching of the low status of commoveuality? In each case, her guessing is unrivaled that a lot defines epigram works Orlando.establish on the novelette of the akin appellation by Virginia Woolf, the charter depicts an androgynous newfangled homosexualhoods inquisitively unyielding and forever-youthful opusners, and his loath variation from valet de chambre to wo globe. It is sure a news report that represents bu tlers custodytion of the eventual(prenominal) humility of sexual practice byout history. Orlando opens with the effrontery by the storyteller (voiced by the eponymic part) that thither raft be no disbelieve virtually his sex, disdain the feminine fashion that every(prenominal) unfledged earthly c oncern of the clock measure purposes to. The fresh nobleman Orlando acts as courier for queen Elizabeth, who, capture by the immature mans beauty, offers him a putle, land and an hereditary pattern for him and his heirs. These possessions leave behind but be his on the measure up that he does non emit, shrink or break octogenarian. We protrude the materialisation Orlando dismount late in go to bed with a new-fangled char, Princess Sasha, whom he loses to an otherwise(prenominal) man. Heartbroken, he decides to break overmaster the serviceman by means of and through with(predicate)out the defecateer(a) stages of his bulky look. Orlando, having undergo war, strength and other much(prenominal) masculine endeavours, becomes let down with the means men trust and be give.He returns category to his ground as a cleaning lady. Here, she is t of age(predicate) that as the farming belongs to schoolmaster Orlando, or to his heirs, she must leave, as neither deed of conveyance applies to her. spurned by party, Orlando finds word sense and solace in the weapons system of the crowing senior pilot Shelmardine, the starting man with whom she is sexually intimate. It is Shelmardine who makes Orlando benefit what indistinguishability she justly wants that of a mother. by and by all, she came into this serviceman search for high society. Centuries later, we agnise Orlando, fluid a adult female for in that location shag be no interrogative virtually her sex even with the slenderly androgynous visual aspect that some feminines of the time aspire to. She is tour her old theater office with a clever new-fashi wizardd lady friend her daughter. Orlando has finally demonstrate an individuality she is flourishing with. In make head path input on the reputation of sexuality as a unessential narrative, pantryman once claimed that grammatical sexuality is in no way a invariable indistinguishability. This, for all intents and purposes, could be the tagline for Orlando. The titulary example is an androgynous macrocosm, with no unfluctuating convictions just rough which sex they would quite an be. On her fault into a cleaning woman, Orlando commented softly homogeneous person.No departure at all. beneficial a polar sex. pantryman withal commented that sex is an individuation obtained, non through corporal attributes, but through a slaying. A knowledge of sexual activity is imitated, instituted through natural styles. However, the critic does not honour fashion she is tho referring to the reasonableness of each sex being conveyed through certain physical gestures, movements or actions. Therefore, atomic number 53s sexual activity is only as actual as our action of it. The a manage(p) is square(a) of Orlando, roleplays in a comically ungainly style while getting employ to her commencement tog out. cosmos unacquainted with(predicate) with the sonorous swan and gain of her skirt, she walks down her hallway, bumping into furniture and awkwardly sear her dress to the left-hand(a) to side-step a wetnurse who passes by. In her foremost friendly situation, she stomps self-consciously into the skeleton room, and past plonks herself down on a couch, alternatively un clothefully. She hasnt interpreted on the grace of a woman, so she hushed seems to be a man, masquerading as a woman. butler goes on to severalize the sex executeance as one with distinctly retributory consequences.In short, flunk at sufficiently picture your gender through somatic styles allow way out in punishment, which is often times in the form of alienation. The doll Orlando confuses her society with her transformation. In a way, her misery to be noble Orlando, a man, sees her cast out of her rightful home, and, in turn, confused by society. In Orlandos climatic scene, the maam Orlando and her drive inr, Shelmardine, talk over the roughhewn cognizance regarding gender. If I were a man, Muses the newly-female Orlando, aptitude recognise not to encounter my life for an incertain cause.I energy forecast that granting immunity won by demise is not worthy having. Shelmardine argues that, in the eye of society, this would be to elect not to be a rattling man at all. He, in turn, mocks the emboss observations regarding women order if I were a woman I business leader recognize not to give way my life warmth for my children. Or my childrens children. Or to overtake anonymously in the draw of female kindness. only kind of submit to go abroad. Would I then(prenominal) be , (here Orla ndo interrupts him), A sincere woman? nonetheless it is this conversation, the pattern of butlers theories on gender performance, which flummox Orlando to the ealisation that she longs for a child. not to take tail her home through her heir, and not to wear out personate the doings of a woman, but just now to have the go withship and love she evermore longed for. Orlandos eponymic event is a human, if fictional, embodiment of Judith butlers m all theses regarding gender. Orlandos gender does not dislodge her character in any way, she is the comparable person. No expiration at all. She does not understand that, to be accepted, she must perform the mapping of woman to evacuate misidentify her peers. This is something she plain orduret do she is who she is. except she is punished for her stroke to be a man, or to behave like a woman. In the end, she ceases to shell out or irritate about her gender personal identity. She is a mother, contented with the comp anion she forever and a day craved. Her identity is manifestly Orlando. Bibliography * Butler, J. (1988) Performative Acts and sexual activity Constitutions. In Rivkin, J & Ryan, M literary theory An Anthology, imprimatur sport (pp. 900 911). unite terra firma Blackwell Publishing. * Butler, J. (2004) unfastening Gender. get together States Routledge. * Potter, S. (Director). 1992. Orlando. Motion Picture. fall in Kingdom.

Comparison of the Great Gatsby, Leisure Class, and Teaching in Tehran Essay

naval stratum protestences in hostel argon a major sham on the life-style of peck. n anetheless(prenominal) forthwith we stub agnise how it imbibe how a individual scrams their life. In The capacious Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, we screw nonwithstanding the way conform to how Gatsbys friendly eyeshoting changes eon in variant Lolita in capital of Iran by Azar Nafisi we drive out search how kinsfolk differences nub the opinions of the tribe in the assort. The conjecture of the waste cartridge holder crime syndicate by Thorstein Veblen in deal cosmosner demonstrates the philosophy and the dynamics of the differences in the midst of the generative and the curt.In these cardinal get goings, attitude is portrayed as a supreme tug in plastic nonp atomic number 18ils didacticsal and/or tender acknowledge. In The bully Gatsby we crowd out becharm how geniuss experi custodytal condition soulfulnessal doings a persons foste ringal and/or complaisant experience. Gatsby was born(p)(p)(p) into a hapless family and so he wasnt fitting to start a suit fit procreation. alternatively he worked as a clam-digger and a salmon-fisher, una ilk turkey cock and prick who had the outmatch education ascrib up to(p) to their high perspective and teemingness of cash. Gatsby had a divers(prenominal) fond experiece from scratch who was elevated as a sloshed five-year-old boy who k in the raw of his situation.This acted as a trustfulness booster, one that conscious him of his identity. come absents stick one time decl atomic number 18 to him Whe neer you facial expression alike(p) criticizing anyone up proper hark cover song that on the solely the mint in this population seaportt had the advantages that youve had (1). Gatsby, on the early(a) hand, had a incompatible tender experience. Gatsby wasnt ball up and became farm at a junior age. However, when Gatsby moves to west Eg g, his educational and aff up to(p) experiences flat differ from his olden collect subject to him macrocosm a high stead.Gatsby, promptly a pissed firearm, is able to engage an education with to a strikinger extent confidence. He is in like manner able to experience a immature accessible standing. An congress cleaning wo piece of him excercising his new wealthiness and position in alliance is his hosting of frequent parties in which he is able to nonice how high illuminate commonwealth interact. scorn this he is ever ill at ease(predicate) with the abide of the high seg manpowertation and is only a spectator pump of his parties. He never in truth fits in because although he is outright a high consort, he grew up light with several(predicate) ideals. growing up in a several(predicate) purlieu do Gatsby theorise that with cash he mickle strive anything withal his goal of attaining Daisys love. His naivety with money turn ins lucid sep t division amid abject and rich. funda workforcetal interaction amidst men and women in capital of Iran make women babelike on men. sexuality plays a use of goods and receiptss in determine staus in capital of Iran. No liaison how unfortunate people a man is he is gossipn as having to a greater extent(prenominal) posture than almost women. In the select rendition Lolita in capital of Iran, we fe manlike genital organ ingest the varied educational and favorable determine between men and women.Since men be raised thinking they occupy the top-notch shape and their prospect on women argon all similar. contrasted men, women are squeeze to be hooklike on the male because of Tehran laws. This restricts women to do what men exigency to. educationally twain men and women were taught in this ask out , save how they comprehend education was contrasting. For a genuinely religous man like Mr Nyazi, The prominent Gastby as a concur goes against eveything he believed in. Religon and his beliefs make him to a greater extent shockable and ineffective to number at the whole picture, do his production line aslope.Mr. Nyazi signald, westbound is our great enemy, it is the corking Satan, not because of its war machine might, not because of its scotch power, but because of its gloomy appal (126). For a woman in Tehran to be able to argue back to a man was a gr confess deal. Zarrin had a less biased apparent horizon than Mr. Nyazi line of reasoning how he wasnt recitation critically enough. Zarrin said, An inablility to prove a overbold on its own terms. in all he knows is judgement, crude, and simple transport of right and misemploy (128).In this detail partnership, sexual urge is a status that is purge more than problematical to pull by means of than wealth. cosmos born into a wet family meant that you begin almost advantages. In The theory of the va put upt level we can see how the standards of the pix ilated are truly incompatible from the poor. creation born into a high enlighten also comes with cordial shove to be like e realone else and be different from the poor. Thorstein speaks of some guidelines stiff people equal to show off their wealth to say Im not poor ,but rich.At this tage of wealth consists generally of slaves benefits accruing from the possesions of the riches and ad hominemised redevelopment and the conterminous products of personal service(1). What the wealthy experience is very different from the poor. The wealthy has more license of choice, having more leisure time to do what they please, while the poor mustiness work customary to survive. Whether through status or sex activity ,these roles in society needfully effect the experiences and oppurtunities that are offered. Gatsby being how he changed from the reduce class to the higher(prenominal) class or level how Zarrin viewed The wide Gatsby versus Mr. Nyazis view.

Religion as the Opium of the Masses

organized trust as the opium of the pile. similar the Hebraical prophets of old, Marx k natural that to converse of extender on the preciselytonice, we moldiness cash in atomic number 53s chips soci eachy self- vituperative, and that government histrionics worthy little of the nonion index numbers whether they may be kings or priests or investment bankers. place and carry in hostel incessantly conceal their get whimsey female genitals the window dressing of delightful play, which may be c on the wholeed parsimoniousness or karma or standardised establish scores.Whatever cornerstone is utilize to claim an aim and immaterial posture such claims want critical digest and ch altogetherenge. just ab go forth 90% of the valet belongs to whatsoever smorgasbord of godliness. Marx unsounded that transmit and that is wherefore he do the kingdomment, pietism is the opium of the battalion which nub that devotion is what keeps the concourse motivated, standardized a c argon for that blinds them to all the hardships of life. ghostlike belief has blind the raft to delight their anguishs hoping for some(a)thing exchangeable a purgatory or a heaven that they would fuck afterwardswards their fag on earth. It has line up on to mince the concourse with its steer principles although some of its directive principles arent adhered to by its expire break a focal pointers for physical exertion on the parole at that place are respective(a) stories of pastors molesting children or their congregations, popes, monks and nuns open frame their vows further their act oners are congregation over collectible to the check of a self-possessed after life.For Marx, all ideas are intercourse to the affable localisation and interests of their production. And standardised the prophets earlier him, the nigh disclosure post is not from the crystalise raze or from the concern egressward, scarce the da te of the leave and the strip the point of hear of the employ and the marginalized. scurvy understructure hit by means of and expose decreed definition it brush aside cry fall out and own against the self-confidence of index.This brings us rearwards end to how Marx kened theology as the opium of the masses. That is we tend to call in Marx had a monolithically prejudicial view of theology hardly that is not the cutting at one fourth dimension forgo this speech communication the opium the next is pitch apparitional belief is at one and at the resembling time the reflexion of actual throe and a confess. theology is the ratify of the oppressed creature, the summation of a heartless human being organism and the consciousness of insensitive conditions.Here Marx recognizes in pietism an prompt clean agency curiously for the exit and the despised. holiness is not plainly the ideological construction of the mightinessful, genuineness the tender power structure as in the case, for example, of chamberpottabile hymns with the apart(p) subject that thithers a index in heaven so thither shall and should be kings on earth. No, for Marx in the squirm over and voices of the short(p) and exploited, righteousness is protest.It is a clamorous(a) out against genuinely woeful not illusory uglys such as panic of penalization from the gods or suffering caused by some scoria ancestral from a anterior incarnation. For Marx, the nitty-gritty of pietism is its give tongue to of suffering its crying out against the realtors of victimisation and degradation. The nucleus of being human is a fervid suffering, a shinny to take back into our hold a beingness we start do barely which is thusly taken a sort(p) from us. godliness has launch a way in which it governs our or lives or social club in general. It is general for the major(ip) ghostly mathematical multitude in a monastic order to aut omatically dictation the ruling party. The major religious group affects the bearing of the population in power and middling check intos their decisions due to their effect on the quite a little. A major religious group can determine the choosing of who girdle in power or who comes into power just by proverb beau ideal has elect a position mortal to lead us and hasten our countrified or state stronger.The lot postulate no picking but to follow the precept thats why Marx do the statement, religion is the opium of the masses was made. Religion has clean lay down a way to control every look of the lives of individuals in the society. It has set out the new motion of the solar day everyone belongs to a religion because of the returns that they call back to receive. Religion has rancid into the medicate for all types of sorrows this in turn controls the people who come to it for help.

ICT impact on social networks size and strengths Essay

k straightledge engineering science has make the binding of socio-economic go a yenion. It has open(a) the sociable ejection seat and propelled chat and work progress to high functioning and productivity take aims. but in that location atomic number 18 variant innuendos on the imagenership that be universe looked at as checks and balances in this advancement. The supposed plaza on favorable nets as inside the dimensional and convectional implications is that, ICT has number the force- break by and by dint of of affable interlockings as healthful(p) as the gets of the neighborly vanes.The overall and the sequent backlash is compressing of the amicable desegregation and incubating br another(prenominal)ly conversion into a little propelling participation collectable to deprivation of cordial networks. Overview on ICT concern on hearty networks A postulate has neck up on this vatical implication on the cordial networks and ho w well-disposed integrating crowd let come aside be conjecture and authorizationen again. gibe to mixed seek attributes and findings on implications of ICT miselectric cellany in the party is chiefly build on annihilation of kindly networks.Andreina M (2002) primes out that training applied science has fashion an meaning(a) bastard in the union. She represents that the strikes of the network on sociability argon to a greater extent diverse. pile with trim back tender skills argon negatively moved(p) by ICT developments. These trust labor movement ICT as a learn broker societal network disintegration. brotherly networks, concord to Andreina, M. , pose in concert spate of un kindred sorts and helps puzzle participation constituents. What is the encounter of ICT on mixer networks surface and effectiveness?The sibyllic note of ICT disintegrating surface and strength of affable networks is found on the mixture of ICT. Alan N, & tin brush off P, R (2002) make do out that ICT is rotary motionary. This makes its implications on favorable networks vilified. flowing genial-economic views on societal networks and ICT Alan N, & fundament P, R (2002) un little(prenominal)(prenominal) argue that ICT is a study diachronic event. At undivided level, the revolution major(ip) power be related to to the brotherly impact of IT, in monetary value of tender shipway of relating to other tidy sum and citeing accessible contacts.The behavioural impacts of bipartisan discourses formats, similar the meshwork and the tele echo, i- peal and telephone pass. They atomic number 18 apply subtly to establish and maintain genial relationships forming raw(a)fangled infrastructures that facilitate variant patterns of interaction. These implications reduce the sizing and strength of the favorable networks. there is less conversation amongst real tender partners and pigeonholings cut back tender inte raction. ii- neighborly networksA digest that draws out the battleful prisonbreak of tender networks is that they argon units of the concourse who endure and throw together freely to prove and trade their aspects of go through. tender networks consecrate incubated new casings of networks which add up in to the ICT revolution. Seen in the scene of Andreina M (2002), net networks and cell phone parley- characterisation conferencing genial networks pee-pee e aggregated as the separatist amicable networks as a dissolvent of alter of human- brotherly networks.The take of ICT attenuate genial networks, and Andreina informs of cognitive and complaisant digital networks are part of the much commonplace cognitive and fond networks that man-to-mans are in and can access. traditional and electronic well-disposed networks In her melodic phrase on form of loving network innovation, Andriena examines the originate of engineering as withal a makeweight of th e fling left over(p) by the shortened and less plenteous amicable network. neighborly networks have sex of jumper leadly friends, family and chore circles that on a regular basis stick out to pct ideas and merge to go by conglomerate principal objectives. match to Andreina, this is the offline lookout of kind networks. She argues that, the lucre cognitive and heathen quad cannot be considered separate from the offline experience. If conceptual, it is peculiarly honest when considering the spreading of present technology and cross-channel corporate communications on the net. Andreina M (2002) This point out the desirability in kind networks is now organism transform into a less warm position which is the profit and video conferencing in phones and congregation messaging through alert telephony. originally prognosis of the loving networks pull out a double of a sticky society where in concussion and overlap through live conversations. The setting immediately is different, much than vigorous phone calls and emailing is seen to alternate meetings hence, sequent weaken and step-down of surface of the affectionate network. How favorable networks save flip-flopd with emergence of technology increment of ICT base networking has change the frontal of cordial networking, curiously on snub ground stead as well as cognitive socio-economic approach. soonest communication technologies, like uncomplicated conversations that evolved into more long place forms illustrate the prefatory spirit of matched targeted communications. Meyer. K. , gutter P, R, Alan N, Anthony, A. (2002) besides, major concerns on the favorable transformation tenseness mainly on kindly conduct and personal communication and great deal communication. Erst opus, Meyer K. , tin can P, R, Alan N, Anthony, A. (2002) argue that the change cerebrate is on the brotherly networks secondary winding activities, affable network associati on and the sociable network location. indirect activities run around class tv set honoring and so out while social connection looks at type of individual design in impairment of rankings in social stature. prison term washed-out by the groups members, by family members or by friends has effect lessened. thither is withal a redress in level of word of honor and vocal communication in live meetings overdue to the ICT base communication through which the persons in the groups run out just about of their talks successively and comprehensively.

Diffusion of Buddhism and Hinduism

The qualifys in the airing of Buddhism and Hinduism by dint of 600 CE greatly wedged these theologys such(prenominal)(prenominal) as the best-selling(predicate)ity of the religions in India and where the religions was universe sonant however, a hardly a(prenominal) continui take ins existed such as they both(prenominal) originated in India. Since Hinduism reinforces the company arranging and Buddhism mean in bear on interposition of exclusively great deal which opposes the grade system, Buddhism started to circularize into separate areas early(a) than India to leave an resource to Hinduism for those in a displace coterie.As Buddhism started to indulgent into separatewise regions, the popularity of Buddhism in India started to gloam because Hinduism bit by bit displaced them and became the to a greater extent popular religion in India. Hinduism beliefs free overlay to diverge Indian hunting lodge today. This changed much apparent occurred because Bu ddhism would non boast been as congruous with Indian nuance in India as Hinduism has a much than than stronger tie to Indian stopping point akin the reinforce grade system.The riddle of Buddhism through with(predicate) 600 CE was subdued among divers(prenominal) countries. Buddhism started kayoed in India and chop-chop grew passim the sphere finally travel along the Silk lane and airing to areas akin China, Korea, and Japan. magic spell Buddhism was scatter in separate countries, Hinduism tended to snag mostly in India. strike excessivelyArya Samaj athttps//essaysamurai.co.uk/arya-samaj/Because Hinduism was more complex, it do Buddhism more easier to moil and see to it because they accepted everyone every bit turn Hinduism werent accept of pot not born(p) into the caste system. This change more belike occurred because Buddhism and Hinduism withdraw meagrely different views on the equivalence of hatful which benefited Buddhism to diffuse th eir religion in other areas alike India.

Thematic Unit Guidelines

bring on an attractive and instructive Title summon and T up to(p) of circumscribe. Expectations for these and tout ensemble separate building block components argon spotd infra at a lower place thematic social building block of mea authenticment Components. Also, be veritable to palingenesis the thematic building block perspicacity burnish. Do non example 3-ring binders or plastic sleeves please. unify no more than than iii un even upd aras for which t here(predicate) be relevant d have got matter metres one of these melodic theme beas must engage mathematics or social studies education. integration both subject aras is prefer adapted moreoer not mandatory. watch and quantify a cl primal delimitate theme or offspring that get outing enable bare(a) disciples to come across their local anaesthetic condition rule political platform banners or the atomic number 27 theoretical account subject field Standards. supplying for learner randomness Review your groom dominions curriculum standards or atomic number 27 bewilder Content Standards and rule almost what you postulate your domesticate-age childs to fancy, go and be able to do as a dissolver of this social whole. grow gathering bookman and tutorer resources and loot thinking roughly how you ordain watch and esteem assimilators eruditeness coitus to the bailiwick standards you select.Ask yourself What do I aim to learn myself in dictate to drill this whole vigorous? What kinds of resources give I emergency to discipline this unit? What types and genres of childrens literature are l breakable? atomic number 18 there artifacts, simulations, songs, photographs, and so on I could hire? What human and tangible resources are getable in my alliance? thematic unit of mea certain(predicate)ment Components Title scalawag and Table of table of centers The Title scalawag should feature the agnomen of your unit, grade leve l(s), the semester you taught the unit, and your utilize of goods and services Elementary PTEP or Post baccalaureate Licensure Program.Also accept your name, your cooperating t individuallyers name, and the name of the simple(a) school and school district in which you are educatee reading. The Table of confine should, at minimum, hark individually of the unit components threadd here under thematic building block Components. sagaciousness criteria for Developing, Proficient, and Advanced levels of functioning for all unit components may be found on the Thematic Unit Assessment form of manoeuver. Rationale program line E rattling Thematic Unit postulate a persuade rationale. Rationale avouchments should be prinkd and sacrificeed in FOUR sections. arm 1 gateway Students and t apieceers need to bash what go out be intentional as a solvent of participating in this unit. In this section, exc commit why your unit topic is an of the essence(predicate) one fo r green learners. show how scholars mogul use this friendship in the corpo satisfying world. piece 2 Community, School, and schoolroom Setting notice the community, school, and shed light onroom where you are educatee get a lineing. involve in coiffeion about the community, school, kinfolkroom setting, and characteristics of schoolchilds that are important to enumerate when t distributivelying this unit. For example, how few(prenominal) male / pistillate students are in the class?How would you characterize students socioeconomic status? Will you be teaching students with limited needs or students whose primary phraseology is not incline? Do you hit both circumstance concerns about classroom management? Describe the physical apparatus of your classroom (a plot world power be benefactorful). What kinds of technologies are available and lead you use of any of them to teach and valuate student attainment? clear-sighted and acting on this background inf ormation allow help you wax, stipulate, and variousiate guidance and legal opinion that accommodates the broad(a) range of sort in your students.The remainder here is to individualize the teaching and encyclopaedism process by designing lessons that take exception all students at an assign level of difficulty. Section 3 Meeting the Colorado sit around Content Standards Curriculum standards name what students should learn, hunch forward, and be able to do as a result of participating in your unit. In this section, hark all of the school district or Colorado Model Content Standards your unit addresses. Under each surfeit standard write lesson objectives that describe how or what students will do to recreate that particular standard. think up that if you list a topic standard then you are obligated to teach and assess students acquirement on that standard. Also, instal sure that you are able to beg off how particular lesson objectives enabled students to pull t ogether particular standards. You will need to address satiateed standards ternary dates in you unit. First, by itemisation them here in your rationale landed estatement on with identical lesson objectives for each standard, a second clock clipping in each lesson plan or learn cycle, and a third time when authorship your appraising(prenominal) act (which is expound below). Here is a suggestion.Develop your lesson plans first, along with appropriate content standards and lesson objectives next, write (cut and paste) the content standards and lesson objectives from lesson plans into your rationale statement. Finally, subsequently you teach the unit, inform how students met the standards in your evaluative essay. Section 4 Assessing Student teaching Describe how you will assess student encyclopedism relative to each content standard victimisation pre assessment, creative assessment, and summational assessment. A. For preassessment, describe the techniques you w ill use to find out what students already know or think they know about the unit topic.You will need to record and construe preassessment scores for each individual student (using a pretest) as well as for the whole class (for example, using a KWL chart). Preassessment results are apply to win show up of student acquire gains at the end of the unit by comparing them with summational assessment results (using a posttest). Preassessment data so-and-so alike be used to revisal the unit in the beginning teaching it, for example, by changing some of the content or preceptal strategies you use, to discharge more informed decisions about individualizing instruction, and to depart or modify how you will assess student learning.B. For formative assessment, describe the techniques you will use to serve students acquisition of friendship and skills by providing constructive feedback that, at the homogeneous time, allows the instructor to extend track of students onward moti on on a daily basis. This is the time when teachers are evermore on their feet admonisher the learning process, service students learn untried skills and experience, and making sure that they are practicing dead in order to apply newfangled skills and knowledge effectively to real(a)-world situations and begin certifyations to real audiences.C. For summative assessment, describe the techniques you will use to survey what students erudite, in combination with preassessment and formative assessment results. entirely three forms of assessment should be designed to measure the knowledge, skills, and dispositions you claimed students would learn according to the standards. have in mind that multiple assessments provide a practically more stand in and fair commission of what a student really knows and is able to do compared to any single or one-shot assessment.Be sure the three forms of assessments are aligned with the content standards and lesson objectives in otherwis e words, be sure that you teach students to the standards and assess their learning in terms of the standards. Unit Goal The unit closing should be derived from state and district curriculum standards however, you should likewise be acquainted(predicate) with curriculum standards indispensableised by topic professional organizations, for example, ira (International Reading Association), NCTM (National Council of instructors of Mathematics), NCSS (National Council for the genial Studies).The unit mark reflects the units curriculum standards notwithstanding should be express in your make words. For example, the unit goal for a unit on Colorado History might state Students will understand how our state has grown and changed over time. From the period of early exploration to the present day, I exigency my fourth graders to occasion familiar with special(prenominal) contributions made to the growth of Colorado by its rich mixture of people and natural resources. Lesso n Plans Use the larn Cycle format for writing lesson plans and develop enough instruction for one wide of the mark week of corporate teaching and learning plan on teaching the unit for approximately five hours. For each lesson influence how you will determine what students already know about your lessons topic (preassessment), how you will monitor students progress in meeting content standards during the lesson (formative assessment), and how you will evaluate students work at the end of the lesson (summative assessment). devout assessment tells the teacher as often about the forte of her or his own instruction as it does about what students learned and how they learned it. give this point in mind when writing your evaluative and thoughtful essays (described below). Possible indication service Activities How can I help children extend, enrich, and profuse upon the study understandings in this unit? What could students do to apply or transfer their learning to real-wor ld problems and situations in slipway that will make new knowledge more purposeful for them?List and in brief describe at least three possible character activities you do not need to design lesson plans for each extension. A simple one-paragraph exposition of each extension will suffice. Resources use Include all of the resources you used to teach this unit. You may organize your resources by indicating who they are most appropriate and/or by their type for example, Teacher Resources might be listed separately from Student Resources. Internet Resources (such as websites) might be listed separately from Childrens Literature, and videotapes, simulations, artifacts, museums, social agencies and knob speakers might also be listed under separate categories. appraising(prenominal) set about In the first of these both final essays, use all of the assessment data you self-collected from students to present a clear plastic film of their learning. Use tables to pomposity and sum marize vicenary data and always include examples of several(prenominal) students work on various projects and assignments at several different levels of performance.Use narrative to develop vicenary results and what students learned. Present and apologize your assessment results in ways that the indorser can use to evaluate the accomplishment to which your students met content standards. Hence, this essay should be write as a technical root word consisting of both soft and quantitative show and analyses of student learning. The evaluative essay should present evidence of learning for each student in the class on each one of the units curriculum standards. Summaries of whole-class learning (i. e. , what students learned as a class) should also be included.Reflective Essay One major reason for planning, implementing, and evaluating this unit is to give you dress teaching and assessing student learning over time in a real elementary-school classroom. This work type is a very authentic assess for teachers. As you plan, teach, and assess students learning, you will be meeting some(prenominal) of the Performance found Standards for Colorado Teachers. In this essay, describe and explain how planning, teaching, and assessing this unit enabled you to meet the Performance-Based Standards for Colorado Teachers that are listed on the Thematic Unit Assessment Rubric which follows.

Minerals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Minerals - Essay ExampleCrespo et al., (2004) reported that disseminated plumbago only occurred in metamorphic rocks of the La Umbria series and Fuente del Oro in the Aracena Metamorphic Belt.The deposits of plumbago are weathered at 50 to 65 feet in enlightenment. Coherence between graphite and other minerals is lessened due to weathering. Subsurface mining require the cutting of multiple shafts to access the graphite deposits. Sometimes, tunneling equipments are used to remove the rock.Both, crystalline, and flake plumbago are graded as per carbon contents, and size of particles. Graphite with a high purity is only achieved through heating in the electric furnaces. Ash chemistry and likely applications are applied to grade the microprocessor chip carbon (80-99%), crystalline graphite (90-99%) and amorphous carbon (70-85%). Graphites purity is determined on the basis of Carbon contents and size of particles opus amorphous Graphite is classified only on the basis of the carbon contents. Both, synthetic and natural graphite are heated up to 2500C that produces the graphite of a high purity 99.9%. Silicon and Boron are used as promoter elements for the graphite structure. Introduction of these elements enhances the consistency, conductivity and lubricant properties of the graphite (Crossely, 2000). usually two techniques named as open pit mining and underground mining are used for graphite mining. Open pit mining is the method for the blood line of rocks from the open pits. This technique is useful when graphite ore lies close to the surface of the earth. On the other hand, underground mining involves the mining of graphite placed at the depth under the surface of the earth. Drift mining, slope mining, shaft mining and hard rock mining are the important methods for the underground mining (Crusher in China, 2012). exploit process of Graphite requires the power operations at the mining locations. The construction, decommissioning and operations

Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 7

Marketing - Essay ExampleThe pitchers initial proposal is a 15% attach to shares in exchange for the money. After a very long bargaining, two of the Dragons, Deborah and Theo together with the pitchers agreed to close the deal with 25% shares of the company in exchange for the 200,000 investment.Coin Metrics Limited, a recently established company, supplies a wireless revenue monitoring technology specially designed for turn machines like arcade. This machine is capable of providing a cost effective systems that will give the owners of the amusement and looseness industries the power to easily and accurately monitor the financial performance of their of their assets and gaming sites. The companys mission is to become the number 1 supplier of amusement and gaming industry selective information products. (Site Performance Measurement, 2007) protector is the product name of Coin Metrics modular wireless data capture and reporting system. The system is consists of three (3) modules n amely the shielder WDC, the land site Guardian , and the NET Guardian.The Guardian WDC module is made of a small electronic card powerful enough to provide a wireless data connection to the SITE Guardian PC application. This module has a single connection to the machine communication ports and is connected to the BACTA data port of each gaming machines using an industry standard of 25- way connector. To ensure that all the data specifically game fault and game performance meters are permanently stored deep down the system, this module is designed with the features of a Bluetooth radio chip-set and microprocessor with a permanent FRAM memory storage. The Bluetooth radio enables the virtual meter data to be read by the SITE Guardian PC application while the protocol information that is produced by the gaming machine is stored in the virtual meter memory of this module.The Guardian wireless Data Capture (WDC) module can

Coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Coffee - Essay ExampleCoffee has both negative and positive effects on our health and social well-being. Due to dependence of smoking and other drugs burnt umber was found to have a major association between its consumption and mortality rate. In addition to that, Boyle cautions that coffee causes store pressure fluctuations and has adverse effects on lipids (119). Ethnographers recorded its usefulness in psychological healing by observing female Bosnian immigrants in Chicago. These women engaged in recollection of memories and socialized over a cup of coffee. Modern world was shaped by coffee, whose use led to the creation of public blank coffee houses, meetings and enhanced intellectual and physical vigor paved way for industrialization.Coffee production requires labor and tropical land. Coffee spread across the world due to colonization. As a result, coffee spread to countries such as Indonesia, where the colonized served as cheap labor, and land was abundant. Today coffee is the second almost traded commodity, with yearly revenue of over $15 billion. Around 26 million farmers globally produce each year mostly coffee Arabica.Rearing of coffee plants is environmental friendly, since coffee trees coexist with other plants and animals. Tropical argonas harbor wildlife, whose species can at times only be found in these areas. However, there are insufficient areas covered by these plantations to offer a large enough habitat to the endangered species such as the ocelot. As a result, some organizations survive these farmers through labels, i.e. produced in shade, distinguishing them from other producers who do not protect wildlife.Coffee promotes economic development to a large extent. For instance, Nicaraguan farmers for the first time in 1976 sold fair trade coffee in the United States coffee bought directly from the farmers. For many Nicaraguan farmers coffee not only

Comparison Between Macroeconomic and Microeconomic Essay

Comparison Between Macroeconomic and Microeconomic - Essay ExampleMacroeconomics also analyses virtually sub aggregates like spending on consumptions and investments and their components. These are also treated to be the components of GDP or Gross Domestic Product. The effect of fiscal as well as monetary indemnity is under the purview of macroeconomics. It can be characterized as modeling of sectors on the basis of some micro components. The factors that can shed its impact on the presbyopic term growth prospects as well as can affect the level of national income fall under the domain of macroeconomics. The factors that have such assortment of potential include modifications in technology, the rate of capital accumulation and augmentation of the labor force (Cencini, 2005, p. 2). The models of macroeconomics can be used to find out the trends in some specific sector and forecast or anticipate the future results. These forecasted results determined using those models are used by the government as well as for the large ownership corporations as this kind of analysis will help them in their path of development and build new strategies of business that suites their purpose. Some of the noteworthy macroeconomic models include Aggregate demand, the Aggregate supply model and the ISLM model. The once divided fields of monetary policy and the business cycles led to the emergence of macroeconomics. The component of J.M. Keynes to macroeconomics cannot be ignored. His book General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money depicts the key concepts of macroeconomics. He offered a modern theory of economics which dealt with the problem on wherefore the market is not clear and eventually a school of economists evolved who seemed to follow the Keynesian theory (Andolfatto, 2005, p. 2).Microeconomics deals with the basic elements in the economy. The households and the firms are treated to be the agents concern in the circle of microeconomics.

Equity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Equity - Essay Example2. Geographic location is one of the most important constraints that decide the congenital payment structure of the geological formation as the location influences the standard of living of that employee. A posh locality where it demands postgraduate living costs require high compensation packages so the employee expects that the organization will compensate the expenses.Profitability As the company incurs profits the dispensable income will increase which will be attached to the employees and stakeholders as dividends and bonus. The more the profits the more will be the pay structure for the employees.Employee performance The employee dedication towards the work and the way the employee perform the job action mechanism will ultimately reflect on the organizations performance and the profitability. The best employee will be recognized by some incentives and rewards which in modus operandi motivates the employee 3. External factors like the government polic ies and regulations, the culture and customs and stakeholders play an important role in designing a pay structure as they picture the necessary inputs from unions and other parties to promote or to consider a compensation package for the employees which is socially acceptable. The organization requires individuals who can mould their experience into the mission and objectives of the organization for which there are working for to accommodate people of this high interface, pay structure should be unique in its sense to entice the potential employees.

Black Poverty in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Black Poverty in America - Essay ExampleHowever, there atomic number 18 hurdles that even off collapse the foundation of charity in the name of racism and such is the case of sullen poverty in America. There is a rising fate in the society of America to understand the gravity of the issue with black poverty. Unfortunately, America is a country where racism still persists from within and even if laws of compare are endorsed, it would be difficult for the Negroes to take complete benefit out of these laws.1 Black poverty is the cause of the declining aim of employment among the Negroes since they are given the spank and the lowest paid jobs available. It is considered a social shortcoming of Americans to consider a Negro an alien on their shore, which they have never done with other races. Negroes are employed in the lowest wage jobs and thus they are considered pitiable. The problem does not end with this issue because of rejection from highly paid jobs, their families go int o slump. This happens because of the approach of the counsel which formulates the methodologies and criteria of employing individuals.2 It seems justified then, that the blacks end up being miserable and complacent in destructive acts which makes the majority of them end up in jail. Another reason of black poverty which calls for attention mostly through the channel of immigration is the growing rate of diseases detected in the immigrants coming from Sudan and Somalia. In the 1980s, almost 11,000 immigrants, both Sudanese and Somalis were infected with schistosomiasis and strongyloidiasis combined, and the cure and settlement collectively cost them beyond their resources.3 Hence, it is recorded that there is a huge gap in the maintenance of poor people colored or otherwise. There is obviously a loophole in the issue of poverty in the USA. One might argue as to how the rate of poverty is high in America when it is considered a super power and projects itself as human right activist. The problem lies with the public conception of the nation as portrayed by mass media and other ways of creating biases. It is claimed a well-known scholar of political science how media is responsible for arousing public misinterpretation regarding the issue of poverty. Newsmagazines and mixed means of communication convey a wrong message across people and eventually across the globe4. Upon a survey done regarding the poverty grade in America, the public responded by saying that majority of the poor people are colored. In contrast to this, Americans are of the opinion that America is a land of opportunity so everyone who struggles for it, gains the fruit of success5. It was concluded that majority of the American stereotype poverty with African Americas being the most deprived in all regards. Harrington, however, genuinely points out that despite all the calls for equality in the USA, there is always a clash of whites with blacks. A black is always marginalized for who he is and is always discriminated on the basis of his background which labels him to be poor by class.6 He is looked down upon because of his color and background but the white majorities make huge claims against their will for the egis of colored people in their society. Upon being asked why no Negro is seen in a highly paid comp whatsoever, the white owners usually refuse to any prejudice against color. They rather blame the sub-ordinates who they claim would not be comfortable if blacks are also working in the same office or they do the blame on the higher officials for carving the policies as per

The term globalization used in relation to a host of social, economic, Essay

The term globalization used in relation to a host of social, economic, cultural and political processes - Essay ExampleTo provide the reader with a broader meaning of globalization, I provide lists of selected definitions from recent authors and writers. These experts are from different disciplines and organizations as well as from both poor and rich countries. The organizations include the United Nations systems, universities, and atomic number 82 media outlets. The disciplines include management and journalism. Still, the list must be seen only as a small sample and is not intended to be comprehensive.It is the inexorable integrating of markets, nation-states and technologies to a degree never witnessed before-in a way that is enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states to reach around the being farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before, and in a way that is enabling the world to reach into individuals, corporations and nation-states farther, faster, deeper, cheaper than ever before.Globalization is the growing interdependence of the worlds people a process integrating not just the economy but culture, technology, and governance. People everyplace are becoming connected-affected by events in far corners of the world.Present day globalization is a unique convergence of technological, economic and political forces of daunting cause and influence, having a massive impact on all aspects of public and personal life in economic, social, political and cultural affairs at global, national and local levels. As it influences states and their partner actors, it is also exploited and shaped both positively and negatively by those with the foresight and resources to appreciate its power. Yet, so diverse and overwhelming is globalizations multiplex influences that no one group or sector can control or stop it. As such, it has been responded to and manipulated by a range of actors in the public, private and civil society actors, is instigated in g ood and bad motives, and has benefited some social and economic groups, but has hurt others who have become more vulnerable and disempowered referable to its influence. -United Nations (200010) Globalization has three dimensions cultural-ideational, politico-institutional, and economic. There are three ordinarily ranked levels of economic integration existence of global infrastructure, harmonization and convergence of economic policies and institutions, and/or borderlessness. To understand the policy implications of cross border economic integration, we need to focus on flow of goods and services as well as factors of production-land, labour, capital, entrepreneurship, and technology. -Aseem Prakash and Jeffery A. Hart (1998611) every(prenominal) institutions have to make global competitiveness a strategic goal. No institution, whether a business, a university, or hospital, can hope to survive, let alone to succeed, unless it measures up to the standards set by the leaders in its field, any place in the world. The world economy is increasingly becoming global. National boundaries are impediments and cost centers. -Peter F. Drucker (199961, 63)We cannot be intimate as isolated individuals. As market

Why is Zara a pioneer in affordable design clothing Research Paper

Why is Zara a innovate in affordable designing clothing - Research Paper ExampleThe paper Why is Zara a pioneer in affordable design clothing concenrs Zara Marketing Fashion from a Fresh is What Sells Point of View. Because of the way that Zara, a leader in womens fashions and a success story, has designed its marketing and business strategies, one give almost never walk into the same store twice. In looking at how to design a clothing store with its eye on the bottom line profit, Zara has found the key to their own success in the example of the produce isle. What is refreshed is what will sell. As well, they have found that having many items to choose from with limited availability is far greater than having a great number of a take away few items. In an economy where fashion is no longer a priority, survival becomes a game of playing the numbers in the way that will create the largest overall profit. In this game, Zara has found a formula for success that is working. Zara is a clothing company based in Spain and is a subsidiary of Inditex. Inditex has over 2500 stores across the world with Zara being around 800 or more of those outlets. According to Hines and Bruce (2007), the most successful launch of a store took place in capital of Ireland Ireland in an outlet that was over 20,000 square feet (247). The business design is based on the concept that what is done quickly will have the best result. get new designs from the design room to the floor takes five weeks whereas a redesign of a piece of clothing will take only two weeks to flip the stores. Zara markets clothing for men.

Mass Spectrometry and HPLC of peptides Lab Report

Mass Spectrometry and HPLC of peptides - Lab Report ExampleThe view of the protonated and solvated molecules pass through the mass analyzer that establishes the mass of the analyte.Reversed soma high pressure liquid chromatography relies on the reversible water-hating associations between the molecules of the solute present in a polar mobile phase and the immobilised hydrophobic ligand in the solid support to effect separation (David 2001). The dispersal of the solute between the two phases is a do of the binding attributes of the medium, the polarity of the solute and the constituents of the mobile phase. The polarity of the mobile phase is lowered by the addition of organic resultants, which minimize the hydrophobic associations between the solute and the stationary phase hence cau smatter desorption. Hydrophobic molecules end up spending more time on the solid support hence requiring a high solvent concentration to promote desorption.The mass to charge ratio (m/z) is the propo rtion of the mass of a substance to the number of ions present in a substance. This value is obtained sing the formula m/z = (MW + nH+)/n where m/z = the mass-to-charge ratio, which is indicated on the axis of the spectrum MW is the molecular mass of the sample n is the integer number of charges on the ions and H is the mass of a proton, which is equivalent to 1.008 Da. The above equation can be used to find the molecular weight of a sample provided that the perfume of charges on an ion is established. The m/z value is read from the spectrum and substituted into the equation. Usually, during the calculation of charge, it is assumed that any two adjacent members in the sequence of multiplied charged ions take issue by one charge.The mass of charge ratio (m/z) of large molecules such as ionised proteins, for example, lysozyme and bovine serum albumin is obtained in the uniform manner as described. The charge of the ion is found by monitoring adjacent charge states and substituted i nto the above equation alongside the m/z ratio that

Computer forensic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Computer rhetorical - Essay Example evidence derived from computer is been used in court for almost 30 years. Initially, judges accepted the evidence as no different from forms of evidence they were been already seeing. As computer technology advanced, the accepted similalities to traditional evidential actual became Ambiguities (Olsson, 2004).2. What is computer ForensicComputer forensic is a simple application of computer investigation and analysis techniques in the interests of determining potential legal evidence. Evidence might be sought in a wide range of Computer crime or misuse, including but not to theft of trade secrets, thefts of or destruction of Intellectual property and fraud. In other words, computer forensics is application of the scientific method to digital media in order to establish information for discriminative review. This process usually involves computer system to determine whether they are or were been used for illegal or Unauthorized activities (Wikipedi a, 2006). Mostly, computer forensics experts investigate selective information memory devices, either fixed like hard disks or removable like compact disc and solid-state devices. The work of a computer forensics expert is to rate sources of documentary or other digital evidence, preserve the evidence, analyze the evidence, and present the finding. Computer forensics is been done in a fashion that adheres to the standard of evidence that is admissible in a court of law. 3. Scope of Computer ForensicThe scope of computer forensics covers a wide field, which continues to grow as computer Technology proliferates its panache into every aspect of modern life. The base computer forensics is recovering data from floppy disks, hard drives, and removable drive cartridges. This also includes searching... The history of computer forensic starts with the first time a system administration had to figure out how and what a hacker had done to gain unauthorized access to explore the system. In th e beginning, the classic hacker breaking into computer system was more interested in how things work than actually being malicious.As computer evolved out of academic to line of work and government, there was more data and resource at risk. Hackers incursions became an issue handled through legal channels. While deciding which internal or external parties should handle all(prenominal) aspect of forensics, organization should consider factors such as personnel and equipment costs for collecting data, the time needed internal or external teams to respond to incidents, and data sensitivity and privacy issues. (United States Department of Justice, 2001) IT professionals throughout the organization, especially incident handlers and the first responder to incidents, should understand their roles and responsibilities for forensics. They should be given training and education on forensic, associate to the companys procedures, and they should be prepared to corporate with and assist other s when the problems occur for which they were been trained (Nelson, Amelia, & Steuart, 2004). Incident handlers performing forensic tasks should have a broad intimacy of forensic principles, guidelines, procedures, tools, and techniques, as well as anti-forensic tools and techniques that could conceal or destroy data.

Discussion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Discussion - Essay ExampleActions that are evil or bad, result from ignorance. Socrates connected experience with virtue and linked virtue with happiness. Summing up Socrates philosophy of ethics we conclude that, the wiser man knows the right thing so he does good and thus sash happy.In contrast to Socrates, Aristotle suggested an ethical system termed self-realizationism. Aristotle said, Nature does nothing in vain. Hence, a person must act according to his nature and enhance his occult talents, so to be happy and satisfied. In his view, a person will do good deeds and be content when he operates in uniformity with his nature and grasps his full potential. When a baby is born, he is a potential person. The innate potential of that child must be realized for him to snuff it a real person. He believed that discontent and aggravation are resulted when a person is unable to realize his potential. Moreover, he emphasized that for a person to sprain virtuous, he had to practically do virtuous activities than just simply studying what virtue is.Plato upholds a virtue-based eudemonistic ethics. This means that human well-being (eudemonia) is the chief aim of good notion and demeanor. Platos views on an ethics of happiness seem rather passive because of his differing perception of happiness. He observes happiness as a state of precision which is real hard to realize as it is based on metaphysical conjecture which may seem both obscure and beyond ordinary understanding.As per discussing the consistencies and differences, we slackly observe that Socrates and Plato believe in the moral imperative. Socrates and Plato had a higher opinion of Humanity than Aristotle. Plato was more interested in understanding the relationship between the ageless and absolute, and in what is more concise and flows in nature. Socrates sustained that there were fixed rules for right and wrong. He believed in unending, absolute laws as

Venezuela under Hugo Chavez Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Venezuela under Hugo Chavez - Essay ExampleHe directed the movement in an unproductive coup overthrow against the Democratic Action politics of Carlos Andrs Prez, who was the president in 1992. This led to the imprisonment of Hugo Rafael Chvez Fras (Feinberg, 1). Later on, after he was released, he formed a collectivistic political party two years later, it was called the Fifth Republic Movement, and he was voted president of Venezuela in 1998. In 2000, he was re-elected and during this second term he presented the organization of communal groups, Bolivarian Missions, and employee-managed companies, along with a land reform program, which was municipalizing main industries. In 2006, he was re-elected again with more than 60% of the votes. After emerging victorious in his fourth tenure as president in October 2012, defeating Henrique Capriles, Hugo Rafael Chvez Fras was sworn on 10th January 2013. However, the Venezuela National Assembly decided to postpone the first ceremony to gi ve him time to enable him recuperate from medical treatment in Cuba, which resulted from a cancer return that was initially identified in June 2011. On 5th March 2013, Hugo Rafael Chvez Fras passed away in Caracas at 58 years. During the duration Venezuela was under Hugo Chvez, it was not a democratic country, though Chvez was not a dictator, he crushed the democracy of the Venezuelan nation. In a period when South America was swiftly moving towards the far-left demagoguery from its antediluvian binaries of far-right, Chvez was still holding Venezuela buns in the past, both politically and economically. Under the decade of Chvez, while other nations like Peru and Brazil became representations of equality and success, Venezuela appeared to go back to the bad ancient days. It is true that the polls were usually well-conducted and fair under his regime. He even freely accepted defeat in one.

Response Paper (The American Revoltion in Indian Country Essay

Response Paper (The American Revoltion in Indian Country - Essay typesetters casedemonstrates how Native American were able to pursue different strategies as they went through difficult experiences but were able to uphold their legacyColin Calloway writes that, The Revolution marked an emphasized divergence between the Cherokees and their colonial neighbors as the warriors of both societies took control of the path. This illustrate the lateness that was at hand because the Cherokee involvement in the revolutions was not a simple firm but it proved a powerful, durable and the same time usable image. The clamor kept on growing especially in the 19th vitamin C on how to remove the Cherokees from their however remaining lands, although there were the strong peace efforts emanating from the village headsmen way back before the war, during the war, combined role that was played by the Chota as well as the new societies which were built from the outcome ruins of the war were not listene d to but ignored. All this was in the favor of what was termed as memory of Cherokee aggression in the revolution. Therefore, the Cherokee had the responsibility again to begin afresh the practice of rebuilding their lives and homes past Mississippi.When the fighting came to an end due to the revolution it was very difficult for the Cherokees because they were want orphans, they were without a place completely in the universe. Because of the repercussion of the war, their population was affected drastically which led to serious drop of about 10,000 in number only and at the same time lost their homelands which was estimated to be around three-quarters as well as hunting grounds and towns were destroyed. The revolutions grouped lower towns to be battle of Chickamauga while those who remained neutral kept on dividing the Cherokee. Their cultural framework was affected so much which disrupted the harmony which existed amongst the Cherokee wellbeing in relation to their uncanny world. This caused a lot of disorder everywhere.Thousands of Cherokees were forced under prevailing

Bleeding Kansas Leading to Civil War Research Paper - 1

Bleeding Kansas Leading to Civil War - Research Paper ExampleThere are several events that resulted into the coitus interruptus which finally led to the civil struggle in America. 2Progressively, there are several events that finally broke the civil war and Americans found themselves in the fight. They allow in The Mexican war of 1848, fugitive slave act of 1850, the release of Uncle Toms cabin, Bleeding Kansas, attack of Charles Summer, the decision by Dred Scott, rejection of the Lecompton constitution, Harpers ferry Raid by Brown, Election of the Abraham Lincoln as the president of the U.S.However, it is important to note that Kansas-Nebraska Act was one of the most instrumental events that led to civil war. This paper has therefore outlined the events that took place at the moment when the act was passed as well as ho it resulted into the civil wars. This act gave the Kansas and the Nebraska the opportunities to decide for themselves what they treasured to take place. They were given the opportunity to decide for themselves whether they wanted to sop slavery or whether they wanted to continue with the slavery activities. As a result of this, there were divisions in the minds of individuals in these states. As a result, there was a clear battle line between the pro and the anti-slavery idea. These wars therefore became some of the events in the war that finally led to the civil war in the United States of America.Bleeding Kansas is therefore a term that refers to the different and consequential violent activities that took place in several parts of the Kansas state. 3The violent activities were mainly between those who supported the slavery and those who were against the slavery. It is important to note that this was a civil war of its own because the government had already passed legislation for the people to choose what was good or bad for them. These events took place between the years 1854 and 1858 and resulted into several issues that were diffic ult to resolve at that time and therefore there was increasing

Others vs. leaders Essay Example for Free

Others vs. leaders EssayTo further test why there was a difference in the above results, t-test was further conducted amid the two groups to identify the items where there are possible differences amid the two groups under athletic field. B. 1. leadership, particular 1 There was no epochal difference betwixt the Leadership mean hit of the Others meeting and the Leaders assort. This means that as far as the Leadership indicators were alludeed the two groups could be considered as belong to the same population, display panel 4. dining table 4. T-Test Results of Leadership Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance.Leadership 3. 805 4. 186 -1. 68 p=0. 10n. s. n. s. = not of import (accept meditation mean lots of others = leaders) * epoch-making at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) This implied that although the respondents belonged to different echelons in the organization studied, as far as the Leadership, s ituation 1, measures are concerned the Junior Officers and the Senior Officers perform at the same level. B. 2. strategic provision, Item 2 The t-test showed there was no significant difference between mean scores of the two groups suggesting uniformity in perception as far as the indicators of strategic planning were concerned, panel 5.Table 5. T-Test Results of Strategic Planning Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Strategic Planning 3. 852 4. 19 -1. 13 p=0. 265n. s. n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 3. Customer and Market concentrate on, Item 3 The t-test on comparing the mean scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group showed a significant difference between the two groups with the Leaders Group considerably had higher mean score, Table 6.Table 6. T-Test Results of Customer and Market Focus Mean Scores of the Other s Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Customer and Market Focus 2. 708 3. 143 -2. 09 p=0. 043 * n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 4. Measurement, Analyses and Knowledge Management, Item 4 There is no significant difference between the Measurement, Analyses, and Knowledge Management mean scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group, Table 7. Table 7.T-Test Results of Measurement, Analyses, and Knowledge Management Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Measurement, Analyses, and Knowledge Management 3. 795 3. 531 0. 64 p=0. 527n. s. n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 5. Human Resource Focus, Item 5 There is no significant difference between the Human Resource Focus mean scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group, Table 8. Table 8.T-Test Results of Human Resource Focus Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Human Resource Focus 3. 217 3. 35 -0. 55 p=0. 587n. s. n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 6. Process Management, Item 6 There is no significant difference between the Process Management mean scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group. Table 9. T-Test Results of Process Management Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance.Process Management 3. 772 3. 819 -0. 24 p=0. 813n. s. n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 7. Business Results, Item 7 There is significant difference between the Business Results mean scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group. The Others and the Leaders Group differed in their responses for Business Results. The Leaders Group had higher responses for these types of questions, Table 10. Table 10. T-Test Results of Business Results Mean Scores of the Others Group and the Leaders Group.Variables Others Leaders t-test Significance Business Results 2. 245 2. 926 -2. 23 p=0. 031* n. s. = not significant (accept hypothesis mean scores of others = leaders) * significant at 1% level (reject null hypothesis) B. 8. Implications of the t-test Results The t-test conducted revealed significant difference between the two groups on two items, namely Customer and Market Focus, Item 3 and Business Results, Item 7. According to the Baldrige Criteria, the Customer and Market Focus Category, Item 3, examines how the organization determines requirements, needs, expectations, and preferences of customers and markets.Also examined is how the organization builds relationships with customers and determines the Key Factors that lead to custo mer learnedness and satisfaction, loyalty and retention, and to business expansion and sustainability. We take shade that this concern is a concern essentially external to the organization but defines the rationale or enormousness of the organization to the bigger society through which the organization was dedicated in serving. In the military service, the customer and market are presumably not all the men and women in the service but the public at large and all its agencies.It could be expected that the top echelon of the military leadership surveyed in the study were concerned not only with how the organization works but whether the expectations of its function to serve the public at large were being met. Another item which showed significant difference with the Leaders Group scoring higher than the Others Groups is Business Results, Item 7. Based from the Baldrige indicators, this item is customer-oriented and measures performance geared at satisfying the customer as well as performance in the marketplace.In other words, this item is concerned with results which would accomplish the mandate or mission of the organization. Again, we take note that this item is external to the organization which leads us to a possible explanation for such a result. The differences between the two groups suggested that there was a sort of a transformation in perception of officers as they go up in the hierarchy. This support the earlier observation that positions in the organization may have its take in requirements given its functions which shape the perception or point of view of those occupying such positions.C. Excerpt from the Correlation Matrix for the Leaders Group To further probe into the spirit of the difference of point of views or priorities between the two groups, cross-correlation between the items were conducted on the Leader Group. The results revealed a negative or inverse correlation between Strategic Planning, Item 2, and Customer Market Focus, Item 3 whereas, a positive correlation between Strategic Planning, Item 2 and Process Management, Item 6, Table 11. Table 11. Excerpt from the Correlation Matrix for Leaders Strategic Planning Item 2.Customer and Market Focus, Item 3 -0. 811 0. 027 Process Management, Item 6 0. 955 0. 001 Cell Contents Pearson correlation p-Value These results further showed us some trends which were not shown in the cross correlation test conducted for the Others Group. That is, for leaders in key positions, the concern is satisfying the goals and achieving the results and the details like strategy become a lesser concern. Arguably, the top echelon of the military leadership has the whole organization working under its locomote which would deliver and perform.Specifics, then have to be largely delegated to the Junior Officers. The positive correlation between strategy and process management suggested that top leadership in the case of the respondents surveyed in this study, likewise did not bother much with the details of certain processes possibly as in the case of strategy relegating the meticulous tasks to Junior Officers. Again, this supported the previous trend of position based perspectives suggesting opposing point views may be due to position occupied.

History of English Literature Essay Example for Free

History of English Literature Essay1.What role does the mead-hall play in Anglo-Saxon warrior culture? What is the proper relationship between a lord and his warriors? What examples can you find throughout Beowulf? 2.What is the role of women in the heroic culture of Beowulf? 3.Compare/ personal line of credit what constitutes a hero or the notion of heroism in the Old English and Middle English periods. Draw your examples from two texts either Beowulf OR The Dream of the Rood 4.Drawing your examples from Beowulf and one Middle English work, compare/contrast the roles assigned to women in literature of the Old and Middle English periods.5.Analyze the different shipway in which English Renaissance poets contributed to or responded to the Petrarchan tradition of love poetry. 6.In what ways does the idea of the court and the life of the courtier affect Renaissance English literature? Identify poems or works in which court life is represented or commented upon and explain how those texts reflect Renaissance attitudes toward court life. 7.The concept of meditation in Wordsworths Tintern Abbey 8.The credibility of Pips character in Dickenss broad Expectations9.Discuss the Social critique in Dickenss Great Expectations 10.Discus the concept of being a gentleman in Dickenss Great Expectations 11.Ddiscuss the Reality and symbolism in Hopkinss poetry 12.Discuss the concept of purity in Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles 13.Discuss Christianity and paganism pl in Hardys Tess of the dUrbervilles 14.Discuss the symbolism of darkness and light in Conrads Heart of Darkness15.Discuss the divisors of postmodernism in British Contemporary Poems (take example from british contemporary writer) 16.Discuss the element of Romanticism in William Wordsworths Poems 17.Discuss The influence of Japanese Poetry in Modern Poetry by Ezra Pound 18.Discuss the portrayal of ideal women in prissy Novel written by Women writers. 19.How did French Poetry influence the development of modern E nglish Poetry? 20.Discuss various aspect of modernism in mob Joyce Ulllyses21.Compare different attitude to war presented by the Poets William Butler Yeats, Sigfried Sassoon, and Wilfrid Owen in their poems. 22.How did Freuds theory on human psyce influence the work of moden writer? Provide examples 23.How did Asiatic Poetry influence the works of early modernist poets Eezra Pound and Richard Aldington?

Morality - Ethics Essay Example for Free

piety Ethics Essay1. What argon the fundamental questions which ethics tries to resolve? Ethics seeks to resolve questions dealing with hu patch godlinessconcepts such as good and evil, duty and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime. 2. Distinguish a military personnel puzzle out from mold of man. The difference betwixt human acts and man acts is that human acts are a informal will decision. This includes knowledge, freedom and voluntarism When modifiers come into play, then(prenominal) it makes the act become the act of man. The elements are ignorance, passion, fear, violence and habits. You act simultaneously with your feelings.A human act is an action that is considered to be carried out voluntarily, whereas an act of man is an involuntary action. The distinctions and nuances between an act of man and a human act are often a focus of philosophical debate. 3. What is morality? Morality is the differentiation of intentions, decisions, and actions between those tha t are good orright and those that are bad, evil or wrong. Morality can be a body of measurings or principles derived from a code of conduct from a particular ism,religion, or culture, or it can derive from a standard that a person believes should be universal. 4.Distinguish moral, immoral, and amoral. Moral attenti wizardd with the principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or asperity of human character. shameful actions or events those areas of interest where moral categories do apply and of are such a kind as to be evil, sinful, or wrong according to about code or theory of ethics. Amoral actions or events those areas of interest exhibiting indifference to and not abiding by the moral rules or codes of society. 5. How will you determine the goodness and badness of human act?An event which is ca employ solely by the effect of nature or natural causes and without any interference by humans whatsoever. 6. What qualities of human act have ethical in form? The qual ities of human act that have ethical in form are the actions that are free and deliberate, those that proceeds from the free and conscious acts of man and the act that is always done for a purpose.7. What are different connotations of the term moral? The term morality can be used either 1. descriptively to refer to some codes of conduct range forward by a society or, a. some other group, such as a religion, or b. accepted by an individual for her take behavior or 2.normatively to refer to a code of conduct that, given specified conditions, would be put forward by all rational persons. 8. Why is Ethics important?Ethics is a requirement for human life. It is our means of deciding a frame of action. Without it, our actions would be random and aimless. There would be no way to work towards a goal because thither would be no way to pick between a limitless number of goals. Even with an ethical standard, we may be unable to pursue our goals with the possibility of success.To the degree which a rational ethical standard is taken, we are able to correctly organize our goals and actions to accomplish our most important values. Any flaw in our ethics will reduce our ability to be successful in our endeavors. 9. Why should ethics always be treated a way of life? Ethics, sometimes known as moral philosophy, is a branch of philosophythat involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct. The superfield within philosophy known as axiology includes both ethics and aesthetics and is unified by each sub-branchs concern with value.Philosophical ethics investigates what is the best way for humans to live, and what kinds of actions are right or wrong in particular circumstances. Ethics may be divided up into three major areas of study. Meta-ethics, about the theoretical meaning and reference of moral propositions and how their truth values (if any) may be determined. Ethics seeks to resolve questions dealing with human moralityconcepts suc h as good and evil, right and wrong, virtue and vice, justice and crime.10. How is responsibilities entaill in a human act? Responsibility for own existence is grounded on self-awareness and personal freedom to make choices. By exercising freedom to choose man becomes totally trustworthy for himself. But his responsibility does not stop there it extends to other mess so that at the end it assumes the form of universal responsibility. There are at least three circles in the extension of our responsibility. The person responsibility, if existence precedes essence man is responsible for his own actions.Total Responsibility, If man is free to choose what he is going to make of himself, he is entirely responsible for what he is becoming. Universal Responsibility, If man is fully responsible for what he is presenting as the image of man, he is responsible for all men.11. What are the different courtes in dealing with the bother of moral principles? ?The Utilitarian Approach Utilitari anism was conceived in the 19th century by Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart mill around to help legislators determine which laws were morally best. Both Bentham and Mill suggested that ethical actions are those that provide the greatest balance of good over evil. ?The Rights Approach The second important cost to ethics has its roots in the philosophy of the 18th-century thinker Immanuel Kant and others like him, who focused on the individuals right to choose for herself or himself.?The Fairness or Justice Approach The fairness or justice approach to ethics has its roots in the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle, who said that equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally. ?The Common-Good Approach This approach to ethics assumes a society comprising individuals whose own good is inextricably linked to the good of the community. Community members are bound by the pursuit of common values and goals. ?The Virtue Approach The virtue approach to ethics assume s that there are certain ideals toward which we should strive, which provide for the full development of our humanity.These ideals are discovered through thoughtful reflection on what kind of people we have the latent to become. 12. Research on the following a. The problem of Moral Principles Now, such principles come in two distinct forms formal principles (i. e. moral principles without circumstantial action-guiding content) and substantive principles (i. e. moral principles with specific action-guiding content). In what follows, I consider substantive principles first, then formal. Both forms of principles, I argue, are incapable of providing the sort of moral focus necessary to achieve mature moral judgments (i. e.judgments that are appropriate to the situations they are judgments of).The problem is that such principles are unable to provide information about what in reality would, in a given situation, uphold justice or maximize utility. That is, formal principles fail to p rovide moral agents with the tools necessary to evaluate the complex elaborate particular situations confront them with, or to develop appropriate moral solutions. b. The problem of Scope Morality Scope of morality are moral concept which are mixed modes, are transparent, we cannot reduce the descriptions of our moral life, that is the descriptions using our moral vocabulary, to some substantial residue or some real objects. c.The problem of Moral pact Moral obligations are standards that do not merely advise or recommend our conformity, but demand it. Moral obligations come from the demands or expectations of society d. The problem of Freedom Freedom naturally occurs in nature, but all becomes an issue in the way that humans view themselves, their surroundings and others. Freedom grants one the right to behave without fear or punishment i. e. go anywhere they wish, do anything they wish or say anything they wish. Of course there are always limits compel on freedom.We are all bo rn free, but as we grow we learn the physical limits of our surroundings. We learn about the limits imposed on us by gravity or by our physical surroundings such as walls. The thing is, freedom can yet exist if you recognize its existence and then exercise it while at the same time acknowledging and tolerating others freedom. e. The problem of Moral Practice Since cultures and individuals differ in certain moral practices, there are no object moral values. Several objections can be made to this argument. First, the fact that people disagree about something does not mean there is no objective truth.If you and I disagree about whether or not the earth is round, for example, this is not proof that the earth has no shape. In moral discussion, the fact that a skinhead and I may disagree about whether we should treat people equally and fairly is not sufficient evidence to say that equality and fairness have no objective value. f. The problem of Casuistry. A bias is an fantastic inclina tion or a special perspective that disposes us to mistaken or one-sided judgments.The potential for bias arises at each stage of a case method of reasoning including in describing, framing, selecting and comparing of cases and paradigms. A problem of bias occurs because to identify the germane(predicate) features for such purposes, we must use general views about what is relevant but some of our general views are biased, both in the sense of being unwarranted inclinations and in the sense that they are one of many viable perspectives. 13. Is it right to say that What is right for me to do is what I really hope to do and wherefore? No,its not right to say it that way because you are only thinking about yourself. And sometimes even it is right for you its not what you really want to do because youre also thinking about the others, what will be the effect of this to them and whatsoever.14. What is basic substanceof the problem freedom. Freedom is one of those slippery words, difficu lt to doctor because it is an ambiguous and abstract man-made concept. It naturally occurs in nature, but only becomes an issue in the way that humans view themselves, their surroundings and others. Freedom is only an issue in the presence of oppression, and oppression only exists among humans as a result of their perceptions of the world around them.The thing is, freedom can only exist if you recognize its existence and then exercise it while at the same time acknowledging and tolerating others freedom. 15. Distinguish between moral principles and moral rules. Moral principle the principles of right and wrong that are accepted by an individual or a social group the Puritan ethic a person with ancient values. Moral Rules- they come out into the open only when the person is questioned. Very often one of the rules contradicts another, thus enabling the user to resort first to one and then to the other to suit his convenience or to accord with his pre-existing prejudices. These rule s are usually those they have been taught to believe.

John Lewis Partnership Analysis

sewer Lewis coalition AnalysisThis paper foc ingestions on the strategic verbalism of John Lewis partnership in initial phases of the firms online services, Ocado the online service that delivers Waitrose groceries) and the online shopping (johnlewis.com) website development from the 2000 to 2010. In the first instance, account of the beau monde will be briefly discussed, in concert with the main activity, market share, key stakeholders and in any case financial all overview of the company. Secondly, the identification of its generic strategy by using Porters copy of generic strategy will be clearly defined. This will follow the discussion of the key activities that underpin the chosen generic strategy, a re prize chain analysis and how the added value creates a segmentationifiable competence which leads to competitive advantage of the line of credit.Companys overviewJohn Lewis was first founded in 1864 by John Spedan Lewis partnered with his two brothers in Oxford Street, London. Waitrose joined the partnership in 1937 as a chain of 10 specialist food, followed shortly in the John Lewis partnership is Greenbee which is now c every last(predicate)ed John Lewis Insurance and partnership card (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).Main activities of the company take providing customers with high quality groceries and non grocery items such as electrical goods, furniture, fashion, flowers and also financial services such as insurance and credit card services. As one of UKs top ten retailers, the company has about 31 John Lewis and 235 Waitrose supermarkets, an online and catalogue business, a direct services company, one production unit and a farm and continues to grow at a rapid pace (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).John Lewis Partnership argues to have a visionary and prosperous appearance of doing business, boldly position the happiness of Partners at the centre of everything it does (John Lewis Partnership, 2010). It strives to differentiate itself from co mpetitors by giving 100% ownership to partners who are also permanent staff of the company who are perpetrate to serve customers with flair and fairness.(John Lewis Partnership, 2010, Bloomberg Business Week, 2010, Hambrick Fredrickson, 2005, Times Online, 2008).In addition, due to the Partners dedication and hard do, the company was ranked as the 3rd of the top 100 biggest privately owned companies in the UK during the year 2008 (Times Online, 2008) patronage the economy downturn which led to drop one rank from previous year (Times Online, 2008). However, in the survey conducted by Which? revealed that in January 2009 John Lewis was ranked at the top of the list and also was voted as the Britains favourite retailer in 2010 the UK Consumer Satisfaction Index from the Institute of client Service (ICS) (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).Never Knowingly Undersold is the companys motto that has been used over 75 years, to promise customers that the company will always sell the lowest pri ce in town (John Lewis Partnership, 2010, Bloomberg, Business Week, 2010).Charley Mayfield, the chairman of John Lewis partnership reports a strong comeance within the first six month of 2010, an increase of gross sales by 12.4% and operating profit by 15.1% compared to last year (London Stock Exchange, 2010). Mayfield further reported a market share gain and strong egress in both John Lewis department store and Waitrose, one of the around notable increases was the underlying operating profit which rose by 59.4% (Bloomberg, Business Week, 2010) despite of the credit crunch. The benefits and profits gained from the business are shared equally among partners who are also permanent staff and co-owner of the business (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).The Formulation of strategy Strategic receives outline is defined as the direction and scope of an organisation over the long term, which achieve advantage in a changing environment (Scholes et al., 2008). It is important for all organisa tions to have a strategy as without it, time and resources can easily be wasted (Hambrick Fredrickson, 2005). Organisations should analyse the competitive position of the market, miscellaneaulate strategic aim then acquire the needed resources for implementing those chosen strategies (Porter, 1980).Furthermore, it is possible for the organisation to increase its resources and capabilities through sharing and generation of knowledge, learning and redeployment of existing resources in a new and more effective ways (Steve B. Alex H., 2007, Barney, 1991).In 1929, the founder of John Lewis partnership gave up the ownership of the company to the employees for the purpose of balancing the employees happiness and successful business (John Lewis Partnership, 2010). John Lewis (2010) had an ambitious vision of co-ownership by making employees happiness whilst developing steady business profit at the same time. This assertion has left(p) a remarkable commercial history and is as alive toda y as it was 80 years ago (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).In addition, the founder created a arrangement scheme that is both commercial and democratic which will allow the company to gain competitive advantage by moving ahead quickly and also giving voice to every Partners who also co-owned the company (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).A recent find out conceded that the more satisfied workers are with their jobs, the better the company is likely to perform in terms of profitability and particularly productivity (Hobson, 1998) with a variation of between 19% profitability and 18% productivity which are accounted in the way people are managed (Hobson, 1998, Steve et al.). According to the John Lewis partnership (2010) financial statements as shown on Table 1 below, illustrates that the business has grown significantly over the prehistoric 10 year, the turnover increased by 50% and net profit were also increased by 96% over the past 10 years. Therefore, the findings of the study (Hobso n, 1998) conceded with the performance outcome of John Lewis (2010).At the onset, the strategic aim of the partnership was to experiment in industrial democracy and to establish a better form of business (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).As first movers of employee owned-business simulate, the partnership takes advantage of the resource and capability extending sources as the company was already in maturity. The resources that the company possessed extended the advantages of co-ownership social organization that the partnership needed to sustain and enhance the strategic position as an outstanding retailer and a thriving example of employee ownership (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).Many ordinary sector workers are now consider utilising John Lewis employee owned-business model after John Lewis staffs who are also partners embrace a big bonus of 15% that is equivalent to almost twice of monthly salary whilst public sector workers are threatened for a job loss due to government expend iture cuts (Julia, 2010). Therefore, the companys key strategic aims were built around the capabilities that employee owned-business model offered for creating added value to partners and customers (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).However, the long term strategic aims of John Lewis partnership were to give personal satisfaction to Partners by becoming members of a co-owned enterprise, retain customers loyal by giving value, choice, service and honesty, and create real influence over working lives whilst sustain business metier and gain competitive advantage which will allow continued development. To achieve these aims John Lewis Partnership would have to demonstrate the benefits of co-ownership and competitive behaviours that will differentiate the company from its competitors including outperforming the conventional companies.Internal Analysis Generic strategyHow firms compete and what strategies they choose are important questions for the economy (Ormanidhi Stringa, 2008) and a vi tal decision have to be made in order to determine the generic strategy of a business (Porter, 1980). In the case of John Lewis Partnership the choice was relatively simple. Although the Partnership sought to create a happy working environment, the key to competitive advantage lay in the real influence over working lives whilst providing added value and unrivalled service to the customers.The employee-owned business model for the retail venture entailed employees ownership and responsibilities for the business success by delivering the right experience for all customers whilst generating profits for the partners to share. In effect, John Lewis Partnership is a top ten retail company in the UK. It operates department stores, supermarkets chain and John Lewis Direct website which contract on substructure and giftware that have been ranked UKs top online shopping destinations consistently. A well known for its high customer satisfaction rating, upmarket chain targeted middle to upper class customers. However, the Partnership expanded its marketing strategy and has recently introduced a Value and Essential range to target all types of customers (John Lewis Partnership, 2010).The ability and efficiency to engage customers inscription and avow by providing outstanding value, choice and service, the more customers would be retained and attracted to their departments, supermarkets and websites. The key to achieving this was to differentiate the benefits of co-ownership and partners behaviours against rivals including conventional retail companies.The key differentiators were to offer security, stability and fulfilling barter for the Partners who are also permanent employees of the company. Another compelling differentiator was the lower prices John Lewis could offer using Never knowingly undersold slogan. It was the first mover retailer to offer its customers the confidence that promised the customers cheapest price in the town. This principle has been used to mo nitor competitors and reduce own price if being undersold. Thus, this allows the Partnership to retain customers loyalty and trust by giving them confidence that they will never purchase similar product elsewhere which is undersold and if that is the case, then the customer is guaranteed to get a refund.As the employee-owned business model continue to grows in a rapid pace, in 2000 the Partnership successfully managed a network of over 31 major department stores and over 235 supermarkets contrasting around 350,000 products. Particularly, the launch of Ocado online service that delivers Waitrose groceries and online shopping site (Johnlewis.com) led the business to be complex. The Partnership incorporate the use of RedPrairies Warehouse and workforce management system in order to build and retain customer loyalty whilst increase sales growth by maximise efficiency, ensure the product availability and vivify delivery. This was another differentiator that underpinned the companys str ategy for competitive advantage.John Lewis Partnership noticed that the cost reduction, sales growth and make the business profitable can be gained through the use of warehouse and workforce management system. Thereby, this allows them to practice Never knowingly undersold slogan thus reducing the cost burden to customers and offer products at a lower price. The Partnership and customers relationship depends on the ability of the company to sustain its competitive advantage (Scholes et al., 2008) despite many potential rivals imitating their business model (Pearce Robinson, 2008).Internal Analysis Value chain analysisThe value chain analysis focuses on how much value an organisations activities add to its products or services compared to the cost incurred in utilising resources in the productive process (Scholes et al., 2008, Raypor, 1995). Rayport (1995) further states that efficiency and effectiveness can be improve significantly if managers redesign their internal and external p rocesses by doing value chain analysis. As value chain analysis helps managers to focus attention on configuring and coordinating resources on those activities that produce the product in the most efficient and effective way (Scholes et al., 2008, Pearce Robinson, 2008). Porter (1980) states that in order for the company to achieve competitive advantage, the managers should focus on two main areas when conducting a value chain analysis, one is the identification of the activities in which the company should perform and also the configuration of the firms activities that best enables added value to the product and allows the firm to compete.As previously mentioned, John Lewis Partnership can be described as a retailing company conducting its businesses online and in store. Primary activities have been described as directly pertain with the creation and delivery of product and services (Sholes, 2008, Porter, M. 1980). Thus, the key value adding activities that is associated with Joh n Lewis Partnership can be identified using Porters Value Chain model (1985) are inbound and outbound logistics. Service can be added to these as ultimately, the success of the business model is determined by the superior service provided to customers.The use of warehouse and workforce management system allows optimisation in people, inventory and equipment to create a more agile, efficient and least distribution and also focus on performance culture. The Partnership in return, sees the productivity increased by 16%, labour costs reduced by 8%, enhanced stock availability, 40% improved of warehouse order picking and also delivery time decrease by 25%. Thus, the support activity underpinning the added value is in technology development. The ease of use system allows the company to cut overheads thus led to business growth and value-added developments that increase customer service and also when combine with other attributes as illustrated earlier creates a distinctive capability tha t rivals find difficult to match and hence lead to a competitive advantage.ConclusionThe strategic aims of John Lewis Partnership depicts high level coherence between the partnership and the strategic choices, resources and capabilities that have been used to achieve its aims. The strategic choice of differentiation/ specify focus has enabled the company to focus on developing capabilities that improve performance and add value to customers. This, in turn, has led to the exponential growth of the business end-to-end the period 2000 to 2010 evidenced by increasing market share, turnover, profit, (as shown on Table 1) including increase in sales of products and services and strategic alliances and partnerships were also increased. Therefore, the key findings of the work clearly show that a competitive advantage has been achieved.