Philosophy of Man Essay

Death is a typically human event, not just a biological occurrence. It is a separating of body and soul, but it is not just the body that dies, it is the whole man. It is difficult to talk of the very moment of death, since some people who had been there, did not talk of their experience. There are some written accounts of such experiences and from these we get glimpses of the next life. [Corazon Cruz] Philosophy of man is the study of man and its philosophy in life that is subdivided into many branches such us ethics, metaphysics natural philosophy etc. PHILOSOPHY came from the Greek word PHILO meaning Love and SOPHIA meaning wisdom, French believe that PHILO means friendship rather than Love cause they believe that Love is a state of confusion, mallicious intentions mixed up w/ pure intention (attraction/physical aspect). Why does people who answers his/her superior called PILOSOPO? Before, when the Spaniards holds the Europe, some philosophers fight back by the used of printing adds, they fight w/ the used of there mind (APOCALYPS). In Philippines. Before, DR. Jose Rizal fight the Spaniards by writing things that is against to the Spaniards. Before the only people who are smart and brave enough to fight and write against the Spaniards are the Philosophers. Dr. Jose Rizal is a graduate of PHILOSOPHY in the Ateneo university Phil. and the only batch that has the same GGP or same grades which is 1. 0 or a perfect average. Rizal study Philosophy because its a good start in grasping his wants, that is to be a Lawyer, but something happened, her mother suffer from an illness and needs to be cured. So Dr. Rizal then give up being a Lawyer and he began to study Medicine for him to cure his Mother’s illness.

First Steps Film Assignment Essay

The following assignment is based on the film â€Å"Becoming Human Episode 1: First Steps.† You may access the film in the following ways: 1. It is available for free on the PBS website at the following address: http://video.pbs.org/video/1312522241/ 2. It is available instantly through Netflix (where you may temporarily set up a free account for a few weeks if you are not a member). Please use complete sentences to answer the following questions and type your answers on this form. You should submit this assignment to the â€Å"First Steps† dropbox using the â€Å"Assignments† tab by Sun 4/1 at 11:59 P.M. Please submit this file as a .doc, .docx, .rtf, or .pdf file. Please do not use the â€Å".pages† extension because PCs cannot open it. 1. Where is the Afar located? Afar is one of the nine Regional States of Ethiopia and is located in north eastern Africa. It is a part of the great rift valley (deep cut in earth where geological forces are ripping Africa apart). 2. How did researchers figure out how old the â€Å"Selam† fossil was? Clues to the age of the fossil came from key features in the landscape; such as the white bands of volcanic ash that dated 3.4 million years ago. If the white bands of volcanic ash are 3.4 million years old then the fossil must be younger because it was found above it. Therefore, the fossil was approximately 3.3 million years old. 3. How did researchers figure out how old the fossil child Selam was when she died? How old was she? Researchers looked at Selam’s teeth in order to find out how old she was when she died. They did not look at the baby teeth that were visible in her jaw; they looked her adult teeth that were growing inside the bone. From that observation researchers know Selam died when she was three years old. 4. What are the human-like components of the â€Å"Lucy† skeleton? What are the ape-like components? Lucky had both human-like and ape-like components. From the waist down lucy was like humans and from the waist up she was like apes. She walked upright like humans and her pelvis bone resembled those of a human. Lucy’s greater trochanter was short and human-like. Her skeleton showed evidence of small skull capacity similar to apes. 5. What was the ancient environment of the australopithecines like? How does it change by 3-4 million years ago? Researchers have found that Seguda Valley went through a huge transformation. It was once covered entirely of water, up to an elevation of approximately 580 meters. The valley was filled with a great lake that was steeper than any of the great lakes. The entire African continent used to be a lot wetter than it is present day. Long ago, before even Selam and Lucy’s existence Africa was a wet tropical environment covered with rain forest. Eventually Africa began to dry out and the rain forests shrank. During Selam’s existence, 3-4 million years ago, Africa was a mosaic of different environments. Researchers know that from the fossils that live there, they tell a story of a vanished landscape. Fossils of creatures like a pig and hippopotamus. Today it is a vast expanse of volcanic rock and burning desert. 6. What are some of the different hypotheses presented in the film for why bipedalism emerged? One theory is that the mammals stood up to be able to see over tall grass. Second theory is that they stood up to be able to pick fruit off low branches of trees. (The way chimpanzees do today.) Third theory is that they stood up to cool more efficiently. – Not as much sun beating on the body. * Most compelling hypothesis is that it saved us energy. 7. What is the molecular clock and how is it used to determine when two species last shared a common ancestor? It is a simple idea that the rate of change in DNA sequences is more or less constant over time – a way of determining if and when two species shared a common ancestor. By counting the differences in the genetic code between chimps and humans researchers can calculate how long they have been evolving away from each-other. (5-7 years ago humans and apes shared a common ancestor.) 8. What is the clue that the â€Å"Toumai† fossil (Sahelanthropus tchadensis) is bipedal? The vital clue that the â€Å"Toumai† fossil is bipedal is how the skull connects to the spine. Researcher Michele could confer that by the shape of Toumai’s skull. If the skull is placed on a neck of an ape that walks on all fours its eyes point down ward (not correct). If the skull is placed on an upright spine of a biped its eyes point straight ahead; for Michele this proved that Toumai walked upright. 9. How are the first stone tools identifiable as tools? Who is currently thought to be the first stone tool maker? The first stone tools were broken in a very particular way; there is a method behind how the rocks were broken in order to make it into a tool. Homo habilis (1.6-2.5 million years ago) are thought to be the first stone tool makers. 10. What is Rick Potts’ idea about the role of climate in hominid adaptation? How is it different from traditional ideas? Rick Potts’ observations let him to the new idea, rapid change as a catalyst for our evolution. 11. What was going on with the African climate when Homo habilis evolved? Africa had numerous climate changed from wet to dry, wet to dry, wet to dry all within approximately a thousand years.

Criminal justice Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Criminal justice - Thesis Example There have been a number of issues however that have been raised when dealing with medical experimentation especially when the test subjects are human beings. This has to do with medical ethics and the right of going about seeking test subjects as well as the process of the experiments themselves. One of these issues is the matter of using prisoners to conduct medical experiments on various diseases such as AIDS and Hepatitis C when seeking cures. The argument behind the use of prisoners for the conducting of medical experiments in these areas is the fact that there is a higher prevalence of these diseases in the prison populations as compared to other groups and thus it is generally a convenient approach whilst seeking test subjects (Epstein, 2009, pg38). However, it has to be considered whether it is right to use prisoners as guinea pigs for medical experiments, or is it a type of discrimination on the part of the medical researchers (Tauber, 2005, pg18). This subject can be said to have both pros and cons when put into, and the issue is if the pros outweigh the cons considerably enough to win the day. There are a number of advantages to be considered by using prisoners as test subjects for new drugs to combat these diseases. These advantages have to do with the situation at hand and the potential positive outcome should the drugs be successful. They include: Situational advantage – Prisoners are in a position where they reside in a controlled environment and thus this would make it easier for researchers to ensure that the test subjects are placed in a conducive environment for the conduction of the research (Lakhan et al, 2009, pg 12). For example, this is to say if the subject is not supposed to take any alcohol during the test period, this would not be a problem as they have no access to any liquor. Since the test subjects are all located in one area for the entirety of the test period, observation also becomes a simpler process as

Global Warming in South Florida Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Warming in South Florida - Essay Example The corrosion or depletion of the ozone layer allows the infrared radiations into the earth in a large amount. The gas also absorbs much of these radiations and because they are atmospheric gases they warm the planet hence global warming. Land use in many parts of the world has resulted to these changes in the atmospheric temperatures. Deforestation has been ranked first as a major cause. Forest plays a very important role on the control of carbon dioxide gas in the air. In other terms, it is referred to as the greenhouse gas cycle. In this cycle, plants do take in oxygen during the day and releases it in the night (Aston). Cutting down of trees breaks this cycle, therefore, most of the gases released in the atmosphere remains there influencing the global warming. South Florida is one of the parts in the city which have not appreciated this fact and continue to destroy the forest so that they can develop settlement. Developed countries are the majority of the nations on earth which have been experiencing temperature variations due to global warming. This is because they are the ones which use much of the fossil fuels such as petroleum in their industries. Although Florida does not so many heavy industries which emit the greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, the effects of global warming are so much evident. For example, the smoke released from the cars does form heavy smog in the air when it mixes with fog. In United States of America, the southern region of State of Florida takes the lead on the consequences the increased global heat. This is because of its strategic location as it borders the Pacific Ocean. This is because oceans are very important measures of the effects of global warming. The effects global warming is so vivid in major parts of the world and it willed is discussed in relation to South Florida. One of the consequences of increased global heat is the increase in thermal heat. It has been established that the

Question about legal and ehical issue in health care Essay

Question about legal and ehical issue in health care - Essay Example The reaction of the managers and supervisors in the hospital where Gertrude was working as a head nurse can be deemed expected---if not evenhanded.   It can also be said that appropriate actions were taken to immediately resolve the protests; Charlotte, the clinical specialist, did not take the issue lightly; furthermore, she attempted to come up with the simplest solution by making an effort to have a discussion with Gertrude, hoping to have a clearer depiction on the complaints.   However, denial of all objections and refusal to admit that she was actually experiencing difficulties in relating to her colleagues did not help.   Her reluctance to communicate with her superior brought about the clinical specialist’s decision to seek the assistance of the seniors, which, in any aspect is ethically acceptable. Gertrude, unmistakably, has demonstrated competence, and that is obviously one of the major reasons for the heads of the hospital to give more consideration to her.   Despite countless criticisms, as an employee, she established an impression of being conscientious when it comes to her obligations. Consequently, she was given the chance to prove herself.   After listening to her contentions, her superiors understood how difficult it could have been for her to handle such overwhelming administrative duties.  Ã‚   Again, this may be reckoned as impartially agreeable. Considerate---that is probably how the action taken by the hospital heads can be construed.   It would have been partial had her superiors instantaneously dismissed her from the company where she has also given much of herself. Then again, Gertrude never showed significant glitch with responsibilities and was never evaluated as inadequate or inattentive.   It is thus explicable why her seniors did not show any hesitation to confer to her another opportunity to ascertain

What do banks really do Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

What do banks really do - Essay Example Commercial banks are financial institutions that provide loans, savings and deposits accounts as well as transactional services to entities and individual members of a country. On the other hand, Central Bank is a supreme monetary bank in any country, which regulates and controls economic as well as monetary affairs in a specific country. Central Banks regulates money supply via specific monetary and non-monetary policies to maintain stable and robust macroeconomic environment. This is in order to enhance sustained economic growth and development across different sectors in the economy. Central banks and commercial banks play distinct roles in the economy. In general, the central banks supervise all financial institutions including commercial banks and advices government on what policy action to pursue to maintain robust and stable macro economic environment. Commercial banks provide both monetary and non-monetary services to members of the public and different entities (companies, s ocieties and institutions). To understand the roles of banks in any given country, it is important to state and explain the different roles that different banks play. Therefore, this discussion is divided into two main parts. The first part describes the roles of central banks in any given economy and the second part describes the roles of commercial banks.... They are the only banks with legal mandate to create and issue currencies inform of notes and coins. Central banks are responsible for regulating quantity of all notes and coins issued. They also protect internal and external value of national currency (Backhaus, 2005). Before the central banks issue notes and coins, it must fulfill certain requirements to avoid inflation, currency devaluations and shortage of money in the economy among others. For example, it must keep reserves against all the coins and notes issued at any given time. As a sole issuer of legal tender, central banks easily control credit creation, maintain confidence of the people because it has government backing and recognition, and ensure that all currencies issued are uniform and acceptable. Secondly, central banks act as a bank, an agent and an advisor of banks as well as other financial institutions. Central banks act as lender of last resort. This happens when commercial banks fail to secure loans or advances from other financial institutions to run it banking operations. IMF (2008) asserts that central banks provide funding to financial institutions as lender of last resort to restore confidence in the banking system and avoid fire sales of banks assets by providing liquidity to financial institutions. Central banks also act as custodians and clearing agent for commercial banks. Central bank collects statistical information regularly on matters touching money, public debt, inflation, foreign exchange, trade policies, government securities as well as banking among other information. The information collected and analysed by central banks is disseminated to relevant financial institutions to assist them make informed choices on what strategies to

Frederick Douglass ( summarize) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Frederick Douglass ( summarize) - Assignment Example bitter rivalry between the north and the south secured rights and privileges of negroes and now that the war is over propaganda threatens the rights and privileges by creating and conveying a negative image of the negroes and creating a banner that a problem, the negro problem, exist in the south. The true problem is however, the nation’s inability to defend the constitution because while Negroes from the South obey the law, whites from the North do not. They, instead, obstruct justice. The problem is the need for the government, upon recognizing citizenry of the Negroes, to protect, honor, and defend rights of the Negroes and elites from the South are the cause, people who never supported the good cause of the achieved stability and fear of Negro supremacy drives them. The supremacy can however never occur because of the upper hand that whites have in the South and even if it occurred, the constitution would regulate it. the real problem is however political and is the fear o f the Republican force from the North and people such as Montgomery have betrayed their people to suppress freedom that has been achieved through state legislation. The author notes that the struggle against the oppression may be difficult but hopes that the government will ensure justice and that the Negroes will succeed in the struggle for their rights (Douglass 1-5). Douglass, Frederick. â€Å"The race problem: Great speech of Frederick Douglass.† National Human Rights Center. October 21, 1890. Web. April 15, 2015.

Political science 1 quiz questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Political science 1 quiz questions - Essay Example This caused the basis of an ever changing government that could adapt to new definitions of justice in the future. For example, the United States has a Constitution that can be amended, as with the Thirteenth Amendment that abolished slavery. The second ideal that Plato gave the revolutionaries was the concept of every individual had a talent, and should be able to follow that talent despite being nobility or peasant. While Plato’s ideas about talent in The Republic were used by the revolutionaries, Marx based some of his views on this concept as well. In Marx’s view, each individual should do what they were talented at. If a brawny soldier had the soul of a poet, they would still be sent to war in a Marxist society. Both democracy and Marxism can find their roots in Plato’s The Republic. The Renaissance ideas that were used by the revolutionaries were the doubt about monarchies, nobility, and peasants. The Renaissance brought the idea that everyone had the right to be free and enjoy life, whether born nobility or peasant. The ideal of equality coming from the Renaissance caused both the United States and France to create legislative bodies, constitutions, and create a democratic government that has endured since both revolutions. Voltaire, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, George Washington, John Jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Warren G. Harding created governments based on Antiquity and Renaissance ideas. Both the French and American Revolutions were violent. However, the men behind the violence were intelligent organizers that created two new governments. 2) What are the main institutions of the Federal government? What document describes its form and function? What is the purpose and function of the three main institutions of the Federal government? What is the importance of the principles of â€Å"separation of powers†, â€Å"checks and

Criminological Theories A comparison Between Control Theories and Essay

Criminological Theories A comparison Between Control Theories and Scocial control Theories of Crime - Essay Example The social control they describe is not through Laws, but through Beliefs and societal Norms. However, these norms could later evolve into Laws, ethics, Etiquettes and Customs . The Control is effected through establishing conformity and compliance to these norms. SOCIAL CONTROL THEORIES are viewed along two perspectives. The Macro social and Micro social perspectives . The Macro Social Perspective examines the Formal Control Systems which include the Legal systems, Law enforcers, lobbies which influence laws, which exercise control over the society. Micro Social Perspective, studies the INFORMAL control systems. exercised by Families, religious and educational institution and peer groups. This Informal control manifests as Bonding ,Re Integrative Shaming, Attachment, and Learning through Role Models. The control theories focus on a person's Relationship to their parents, teachers, parish priests and coaches who act as agents of socialization -.A child's Effective interaction with these agents translates into bonds with society.(Hirschi1960) Control Theories study the internalization of Moral codes and the stakes and ties in the community the individuals develops, which make them to voluntarily limit their deviant behaviour.These are Informal controls exercised by social and familial bonds. It is more a "self concept". The most influential among the Control Theories are, John Bolwlby 's Attachment Theory, Travis Hirschi's Social Bonds Theory , the Age Graded Life course Theory of Sampson and Laube and the General Theory of Crime by Gottferson and Hirschi (1999) The Control Theory of Delinquency was presented by Travis Hirsche in 1969. It emerged from the Social Disorganisation Theory (Western Criminology Review)which was slowly losing its prestige at that time. Hirschi took his cue from this theory which held that Disorganised communities generate crime as informal social controls have broken down.It was John Bowlby who first floated the emotional aspect in social control in his Attachment Theory in 1969.Hirschi synthesizes both these perspectives . Hirschi's Control Theory posits that it is not so much the Individual's personality, but his social Relationships and social bonds which determine the deviance or conformity of his Behaviour. Absence of Control exercised by those bonds left him free to weigh the profits against risk . Attachment to others make him less likely to be deviant. Both Hirschi and Bowlby stress Parental upbringing in instilling socialization. The accrual of emotional investment by parents develops Empathy in the individual , which heightens his control and help him to Desist from acts violating the conventions. .The other Control theories, The General Theory of Crime, The Age Graded Life Course Theory that followed, acknowledged the SELF concept .They explained how at a Micro perspective, Informal social bonds which are at first external, become internalized . Gottferson and Hirschi (1990) , and later,Sampson and Laube (1993)in their Age Graded Life Course Perspective said that there is a relationship of causes between the later deviant behavior and the

International business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 8

International business - Essay Example In this context, the country that consists of one developed city is the new trend in global business and politics. Thus, it is interesting and important to investigate the way Singapore manages to be so prosperous. For this aim, the presented essay overviews Singapore’s open cross-border transaction conditions and explains in detail both the effect of multinational corporations and domestic government on the development of this economy. In the essence of Singapore global business strategy, dependence on trade relations creates the core of its national economy. It is common to deal with this global city as the country that has a strong tradition of protected by government imports in combination with free market economy (Lin and Ewing-Chow, 2014, p. 6). In its essence, Singaporean economy concentrates on â€Å"port, oil processing, multinational corporation manufacturing, some science-based high-tech, a service sector and a growing financial sector† (Preston, 2007, p. 15). In general, Singapore has one of the highest trade to GDP ratio in the world and relies heavily on importing goods like food, energy, and industrial raw materials (Selvam, 2003, p. 69). According to the recent statistics, Singapore is in top-15 of largest merchandise exporter in the world and has a trade to GDP ratio of 404.9 (â€Å"Starting a Trading Company,† 2015). Thus, global business scenario depends on the ability of this count ry to involve foreign investments effectively. In this context, it is evident that Singapore imports all the basic goods. As for the resource base of Singapore, it is similar to Japan in the inability to rely on natural resources. As Dunning (1997) noticed, since nineteenth century, when natural resources were the foundation of development, passed, the key to economic prosperity in the twenty-first century is in ability to create the new knowledge (p. 54). And

The Analysis of “To Kill a Mockingbird” by Harper Lee Essay Example for Free

The Analysis of â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee Essay The text under study belongs to famous American writer Harper Lee. It’s a passage of her novel â€Å"To kill a mockingbird†, but as the extract is rather complete we can define it as a short story. The extract under analysis depicts a trial of Tom Robinson who is accused of assaulting a white girl. So we can easily define the following theme: the trial of a Negro man who has supposedly raped a white girl. The problem raised by the author is an issue of justice. The main idea the author tries to reveal is in spite of the fact that people are different according to their age, sex, education, social status, colour of skin etc., all should be treated equally and honestly when they go before court. The main conflict is between the defence and the prosecution. It’s obvious and external. We observe the events through the eyes of Jean Louise, seven years old daughter of Atticus, who is present at trial. Though Jean’s observations and views are important, the essential part of the passage is dedicated to Atticus’s speech which is worth considering as it’s a bright example of an oratory. Public speeches in general are being given by all kinds of people to many kinds of audience. But the aim of the speech is always the same — the speaker must win the audience heart, must make it believe him, support him, and stand by his side. Logically organized speech, which would sound convincing, is the only way to succeed. And such oratory has certain features that are also present at Atticus’s speech. Throughout Atticus’s speech the author uses different CDs of different language levels to make the speech coherent, convincing, and emotionally appealing. As the most features of the oratory are present at Atticus’s speech, we can conclude that it has an argumentative power and is logically built. I think this was achieved due to that fact that Harper Lee herself studied law at university so she knew full well what she was writing about. As for the main character we can say that even he didn’t win this trial he made everybody, both black and white people, respect him. We can say beyond all the reasonable doubt that at the introduction to the story Atticus was by rights called an experienced lawyer and a smart and wise person.

Pink Flamingo Essay Example for Free

Pink Flamingo Essay In Jennifer Price’s essay entitled â€Å"The Plastic Pink Flamingo: A Natural History†, she uses rhetoric devices to convey her opinions of the emptiness of American culture. Price interprets the pink flamingos as a symbol of affluent American culture during the 1950’s. Price’s comparison of pink flamingos to American culture is demonstrated through the use of tone, satire, irony, comparison, and diction. Price varies her writing style as she varies the usage of rhetorical devices in this essay. She blatantly uses irony when she mentions that it is â€Å"a little ironic, since Americans had hunted flamingos to extinction†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Lines 13-14)Price mentions this historical fact to criticize that Americans are using the image of a bird that they had themselves once killed with no serious thought behind it. She belittles Americans because Americans would only use the image of the bird without any interest in the actual bird itself. She compares pink flamingos to American culture in order to illustrate the flamboyant and affluent society that America now experiences like the color of the flaming after the gray days of The Great Depression. The author wants the readers to understand: Flamingos now serve as an icon, a symbol of the wealthy, affluent, and thriving American culture. Price sets the positive away from the noun that presents with dashes to accentuate the importance and the meaning of the word that it conveys. â€Å"Las Vegas: the flamboyant oasis of instant riches† gives more emphasis on the extravagance and the richness of the atmosphere of Las Vegas through the use of a positive saying. Price often uses periodic sentences in order to give more explanations on what she is trying to say. They are often used when she gives the historical information of the pink flamingos: â€Å"When the pink flamingo splashed into the fifties market, it staked two major claims to boldness. † But not only does it add the explanation, but also highlights the â€Å"claim† of the pink flamingos. What had once been only an option available for the wealthy high-class of America, vacations had started to open up to even people of the middle-class. The flamingo not only showed that there was a need for change in American lifestyle, but that a time for change in the way Americans behave is now. The flamingo was a motivator of behavior and cultural change in the U. S. , and even today it is still the symbol of the essential 1950’s lifestyle. Now is this Author really talking about â€Å"pink flamingos† or is she really saying something more? Almost like a hidden message, Price is telling just how we as Americans consume anything and everything we have access to. Price says â€Å"Americans had hunted flamingos to extinction,† can this bird be representing the power of Americans to us thing up as way to live? Jennifer Price is telling us something in her passage, and that is us consuming and diving out something to extinction. Americans as well as the rest of the world have been doing it for years and we will keeps doing it until the world is dried up. Therefore, until we find the next big break through everyone wonders what is going to be its future on us.

The Bahamian Work Ethic Management Essay

The Bahamian Work Ethic Management Essay I propose to study the work ethic of Bahamian employees as it relates to job performance in the Bahamas Electricity Corporation. My particular interest in this study is because I am an employee of BEC and it is a general belief of the public that work performance is poor and degrading in the company. If this is in fact true, could the performance of these employees be related to how Bahamians believe work performance should be. because this is what they are used to? There could be a way to change the culture of job performance with education and willingness to change. Work ethic is all about being diligent and hard working at any task assigned. There are not only are those values associated with it, but also knowing that there is a moral gain from it and a sense of improving ones character on the whole. Persons that exhibit a character of hard work and dedication are more likely to get better tasks and promotions wherever they work. And those who do not show a good work ethic are often labeled lazy and are said to be making more money which is not equal to the amount of work they are performing. Some individuals believe that idea of having good work ethic and working hard is a delusion set up to have employees working for harder than they should for their employers. Criticisms about work ethic, like the one mentioned, have always been a part of the work industry. Andre Gorz, a French philosopher, wrote In actual fact the work ethic has become obsolete. It is no longer true that producing more means working more or that producing more will lead to a better way of life (1989). However, when an individual is working below minimum or not working at all and if he or she is fully capable of performing, it causes others to work harder to fill in the productivity gap. Bahamians have always been associated with when the spirit moves them attitude towards work especially in the civil servant sector as opposed to the private sector. In 2007, there was a survey conducted by the Ministry of Tourism entitled Bahamian Resident Survey which provided some information stating, Bahamian workers are perceived to project a lack of work ethics (Gibbs, 2012). High school students are being prepared now from the 12th grade to be ready for the work force and to perform at their best even when others are not doing so. The focus of this study is to evaluate the relationship that exists between the Bahamian work ethic and work performance. The study will assess documentation in the context of work ethics and employee work performance. By studying this relationship, it will hope to bring some light to this area of study in work performance left untouched in the Bahamas. Statement of Problem In order to understand the rationale behind the degrading Bahamian work ethic, its relationship with employee work performance is tested. Additionally, attitudes and behavior are involved in the process. With the degradation happening as such, customer satisfaction levels are falling and productivity could come an all time low. While addressing the problem in this study, ways to improve job performance and work ethic in Corporations will be looked at. Purpose of Study The purpose of this study is to determine whether an employees work ethic is related to the way that individual performs on the job. Also, this study hopes to find a difference in the work ethic of age generations in the Corporation. The unit of analysis is the employees by department. The topic and study is particularly important because future generations of Bahamians can benefit from understanding that certain beliefs and attitudes towards general working and employment are unwarranted. Research Questions For the purpose of this study, the following question will be addressed: Question 1: Can the work ethic (attitudes and beliefs) of Bahamians be associated with employee performance? Question 2: What is the Bahamian work ethic? Question 3: How can work ethic in the Corporation be improved? Significance of the Problem This research study needs to be conducted because it can help Bahamian employers to understand how to motivate their employees to perform better on the job in terms of attitude, beliefs and behavior towards work. By getting to the root of the problem with the research results, solutions recommended could help to improve the customer satisfaction levels and the day to day work habits of employees. Delimitations With more time, the research study could have encompassed all staff (technical and clerical) of the Bahamas Electricity Corporation, Water and Sewerage Corporation and Bahamas Telecommunication Corporation for a full study of corporations in the Bahamas. Also, there was not enough money in the budget to perform an outer island study for the Family Island branches. The female population, where the sample is being taken, is very low to the males. So this sample will be pre-dominantly males which will only show their prospective on the matter. Review of Related Literature On the job performance is evaluated in a number of ways. An assessment of an employees tasks and how well it is realized is known as a performance appraisal (Rotundo, 2009). This review is planned for the discussion and understanding of the Bahamian attitude towards working and how it relates to work performance. The link between performance and work ethic It is believed that there could be links between certain behaviors on the job and how this might prevent good performance from employees just like it would make the performance better (Carter, Murray and Gray, 2011). There are attributes that an employee should have as a part of their individualism such as trust, interpersonal sensitivity, altruism and perspective taking. Psychological well-being in turn predicts improved job performance and reduced turnover stated Peterson, Park, Hall and Seligman (2009). The research offers that few studies have explicitly examined the linkage between HRM practices and service quality. Schneider et al. (1998) proposed that service quality rests on a set of organizational foundation issues that support and facilitate front-line employee service delivery, which include internal service provided by support staff, efforts to remove obstacles to work, and employee participation and training. Ishak, Mustapha, Mahmud and Afriffin commented on decreased productivity in the workplace stating that, The inability to manage and communicate emotions effectively can lead to unresolved and repetitive conflicts among employees and in the long run that can cause severe burnout and diminished productivity (2008). Many employees do not know how communicate properly and this could be tie to a lost in real work ethics training. Quality of work and high performance The majority of studies investigating the outcomes of ethics on employee performance look at the matter from the side of management. In their paper Do They See Eye to Eye? Management and Employee Perspectives of High-Performance Work Systems and Influence Processes on Service Quality, Liao, Toya, Lepak and Hong explore the notion of how different perspectives on service can be between management, employees and even customers of the banking sector. In their paper High Performance Work Systems in the Paper Industry, Parsons and Necochea offer that Though there is not a single definition, HPWS can be described as work systems that maximize the fit between the social (employees and structure) and technology systems. Fit or alignment between employees, technologies, and organizational strategy is seen as a key factor in the competitive advantage of an organization. While this definition and most models seem more easily aligned towards the production sector of industry, the service is no less accounted for as this study demonstrates. The researchers engaged 292 managers, 830 employees, and 1,772 customers of 91 bank branches. As mentioned before, perspectives differed between management and line staff and while an issue like having standard operation procedures was important from a management perspective, customers noted a positive experience when line staff appeared to have the latitude to make decisions that was specific to accommodating their needs as opposed to having to follow management guides. Employees felt a degree of empowerment from the same process. This empowerment allowed employees to perform greater and feel better about what tasks they were assigned. Work ethics history Wang (2008) summarizes that in earlier decades in the age of Christianity, doing work was looked at as being punishment for doing something wrong. Because of the Reformation Age, people were taught that working was something good and honest to do. Further on, it was told that if you were not doing work, it was a bad idea as opposed to working which was good. It is also understood in China after the change of government to communism, the people were given a cultural boost to ensure that their indoctrinate work ethics would remain and no external forces combat their natural hard working attitudes to improve China. This same cultural boost can be used in other areas to improve the output of hard workers in the Bahamas. Bahamian Work Ethic During the later part of the year, Junkanoo band practices and costume making are taking place. Junkanoo parades take place around Christmas while schools are closed. Bahamians put a lot of effort into competing in these parades for just those two days of the year. Storr (2006) asked the question, What does Junkanoo teach Bahamians about themselves and their abilities?.. Certainly, the most important lesson that Bahamians learn from Junkanoo is that success and hard work are inextricably linked (p.301). What is being said is that there is no lack of work ethic in the Bahamas, it is just focused in certain areas. The same way the participants in Junkanoo can spend long hours pasting costumes and practicing dancing they can spend performing well on the job. Research Hypothesis: H0: Bahamian work ethic is related to employee performance Ha: Bahamian work ethic is not related to employee performance Methodology Participants During the later half fall season of 2012, 65 employees of the Blue Hills Power Station (BEC) of ages 19 and above will be asked to participate in the study by completing the surveys. The employees at the station are pre-dominantly men and are separated by day and shift works. There are three departments: Electrical and Mechanical (Day workers) and Operations (Shift workers). Posters will be put up around the station in the respective departments to remind the employees to the study. Instrument Design For the purpose of this study, a survey design was chosen as the best instrument for this quantitative study because it can provide trends in behavior and opinions from a sample of the population. The first part of the survey used questions that were taken from the study entitled, A Chinese Work Ethic in a Global Community by Victor Wang of California State University. The second part of the survey was created by the researcher to appropriately fit the work lifestyle of the employees at the power station. There are 21 questions in all; with Part 1 headed Work Ethic and Part 2 headed Job Performance. The survey uses a Likert Scale with range from 6 to 1 in Part 1; Six (6) being strongly agree and (1) being strongly disagree. However, in Part 2, Six (6) was changed to strongly disagree and one (1) to strongly agree to prevent participant overlook. Because the items in the survey will assess the content that was used to measure before (survey has been used by different researchers in ma nagement and education studies), there will be no need to demonstrate validity except for Part 2 which was created by the researcher. The instruments reliability of Part 2 will be tested by an alpha of 0.95, N of participants = 65, N of questions = 21. Procedures / Data Collection The letter of consent (in an email) will be sent two weeks ahead of the schedule date for the survey. All of the employees that are willing to participate will reply to the email address given to them. The mechanical and electrical staff that have agreed to participate will be taken in groups of 5 or 6 to the Mess Hall (Blue Hills Power Station) to be administered the survey. One group a day during the lunch break so that none of the employees are kept from their lunch. For the consenting participants of the Operation department, each of the shifts have a rotation into the 8am to 4pm shift every three days. At this time, the shift team that is on will be asked to accompany the survey administer to the Mess Hall where they will sit and be given pencils to begin filling out the questionnaire. After that shift teams three days are over, the next shift team taking over the 8am to 4pm shift will be administered the survey and so on until all the shift teams have completed it. All of the p articipants will be asked by the administers not to hold conversations while filling out the survey. Data Analysis Minitab 16 Statistical Software for the Windows operating system will be used to evaluate the data collected for this study. The responses to Part 1 and Part 2 Likert questions of the instrument will be summed up. The mode of each question will be used to find the most frequent response. The best approach to analyze the responses will be to use the Mann Whitney. The Kruskal Wallis test can be used also to analyze the difference in responses from the three departments (Operations, Electrical and Mechanical). Further analysis can be done by converting the responses into two groups of agree and disagree. This way a chi square test can be used to test if the null hypothesis is true. The hypotheses will be tested at a minimum of the .05 level of significance. Projected Findings Part 1 (Work Ethic) Mode Statements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Strongly Disagree 5 12 20 25 8 26 18 15 6 28 1 17 Disagree 5 10 15 15 6 15 12 18 7 18 3 8 Somewhat Disagree 10 5 10 12 10 7 10 12 9 12 5 2 Somewhat Agree 20 15 10 7 10 8 15 10 10 5 11 6 Agree 18 10 8 6 17 8 5 7 20 2 25 18 Strongly Agree 7 15 2 0 14 1 5 3 13 0 20 14 n = 65 Part 2 (Job Performance) Mode Statements 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Strongly Disagree 3 1 4 10 7 9 3 0 1 Disagree 5 4 3 4 12 7 2 9 1 Somewhat Disagree 8 16 10 12 14 9 7 4 2 Somewhat Agree 17 11 8 15 16 15 20 14 10 Agree 14 20 22 11 14 20 22 26 18 Strongly Agree 18 12 18 13 2 5 11 12 33 n = 65 Timeline **Please see attached in Appendices. Proposed Budget Cory K. Bain Proposal Cash Budget For the month ended December 30 2012 December Cash Receipts Allowance $500.00 Total Cash Receipts $500.00 Cash Payments Posters $15.00 Papers $10.00 Pencils $5.00 Folders $5.00 Refreshments $20.00 Pens $8.00 Researchers Salaries $300.00 Total Cash Payments $363.00 Ending Cash Balance $137.00

Sex in Ursula K. LeGuins The Left Hand of Darkness Essay -- essays re

Let’s Talk About Sex Ursula K. LeGuin’s The Left Hand of Darkness is the story of Genly Ai’s travels to a strange planet called Gethen, or Winter. His mission there is to persuade the nations of Gethen to join an alliance Genly Ai represents called the â€Å"Ekumen†. However, his journey is rather difficult due to the great difference in societies from Genly Ai’s home planet, Earth, and this new one. In Gethen, he learns that the people are completely unsexed for the majority of their days. When they are sexed, it is only for a few days and each person is either male or female during this time. The different governments use Genly Ai as a pawn, but in the end they join the alliance. Unfortunately, it comes with the price of his friend’s life. LeGuin has Genly Ai’s descriptions of gender become less and less male or female for the purpose of showing his assimilation on Gethen. When Genly Ai first arrives on Gethen, LeGuin has him sex everyone to show how much of a stranger he is to the planet. LeGuin has Estraven and Genly Ai supper at Estraven’s house, at which time LeGuin has Genly Ai think about the androgynous people of Gethen and she has him realize that he sees â€Å"a Gethenian first as a man, than as a woman, forcing him into those categories so irrelevant to his nature†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (12). When LeGuin has Genly Ai say this, she is showing the way Genly Ai’s understanding of sex being very set in place is also a representation of how he is mentally unfit with the rest of the Gethenians. Additionally, LeGuin has Genly Ai call everyone on Gethen â€Å"man†, and †he† because he cannot picture a culture that has no distinction between sexes at all times. When LeGuin has Genly Ai meet the King of Gethen, Argaven up close, she has him remark that â€Å"Argaven ... ...raven] what women are like†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (235). LeGuin has Genly Ai struggle with this thought as a show of how used to unsexed people he really is. When LeGuin has him see permanently sexed people from his home planet, LeGuin has him be so unfamiliar with it that he doesn’t like it. At first sight, LeGuin has Genly Ai describe them as â€Å"†¦a troupe of great, strange animals, of two different species, great apes with intelligent eyes, all of them in rut, in kemmer†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (296). LeGuin has Genly Ai experience these people in such a negative way because Genly Ai simply wasn’t used to the sight of such sexed people. LeGuin even went so far as to have Genly Ai include the Gethenian word â€Å"kemmer† to show how much assimilation has taken place within him. It is in this way that LeGuin uses Genly Ai’s descriptions become less and less gendered to show that he has accepted the culture on Gethen.

Doctrine of Ethos :: essays research papers fc

The Doctrine of Ethos states that music effects character and emotion of man by way of morals or ethics. It was arranged into certain scales, each with a certain characteristic. Specific scales were said to be able to inspire rage or sadness. Some were said to inspire happiness, and one was even said to weaken the mind due to its simplicity. Greek music, of which the Doctrine of Ethos specifically talked about, wasn’t just solely instrumental. Improvising, they usually incorporated lyrics and even dance. Music was studied by the Greeks on a level that would be considered excessive in our society by all but our musicologists, ethnomusicologist, music theorists, and a small minority that take their love of music to more than just an aesthetic level. In our world, a world of empiricism and skepticism, the Doctrine of Ethos may sound a bit hard to believe. It may even sound magical and mystical, but I feel that it has some deep roots in truth. Philosophers, musicians, and even th e layman have all theorized about the effect of music on the mind, body, and soul. After all, as William Congreve said in his The Mourning Bride, â€Å"Music hath charms to soothe a savage breast, to soften rocks, or bend a knotted oak.† It is difficult to show the effects of music on the individual, but it is easy to see how the individual chooses genres of music based on mood. The soldiers in Iraq, for instance, listened to a song by the band Drowning Pool titled, â€Å"Let the Bodies Hit the Floor,† over the speakers in their tanks. After listening to the song it would be easy to see that they didn’t just choose the song because they thought it pertained to their current situation. The song is loud, fast, and hard. The song fueled the soldiers. I don’t think that it made them into bloodthirsty savages, but I do think that it pumped them up with adrenaline. Walk into any random Gold’s Gym and I’m sure you will not hear classical or new age music, but instead some sort of rock. David in the Bible played music to soothe Saul. Due to David’s harp and voice Saul calmed down and fell asleep. This is present even in today’s society. After work, school, or any other long, e xhausting event, it isn’t uncommon for people to go home and put on some soothing music in order to cure them of their horrible day.

Sex Education in Public Schools Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Topi

Sex Education in Schools      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Children all over the country who sit down in their classes are being taught sex education. There are books, videos, special speakers and qualified teachers for the subject. Depending on where a child lives, the education he or she is being taught might vary. For example, Wyoming, North Dakota, Minnesota, Maine and Utah do not require schools to provide sexuality or STD/HIV education, (they teach abstinence). District of Columbia, on the other hand, must include contraception with condoms available (Innerst). I was once shown a book that was used to teach sex education to fifth graders in an inner-city school. The book was softbound, about one hundred pages in length, and had cartoon-like colored illustrations. I thumbed through the pages and could not believe what I was seeing. Some of the things in that book were things that even I had never seen before, and I was married with a child. The book taught (and showed pictures of) homosexual sex, masturbation, oral sex, proper procedures for condoms and diaphragms, female and male pleasure spots. The list goes on. This book was not teaching a fifth grader safe sex; it was teaching them how to have sex right and get the most gratification out of it. There was no mention of abstinence throughout the entire book. This sex education method teaches too much and at too early of an age; it undermines children's capability of abstaining, encourages sex and really isn't safe at all; it must be reformed.    My first experience with the subject was in the fifth grade in 1988. My teacher split the boys and girls into two rooms. She talked to the girls about things like menstrual cycles and hormones. I remember a lot of laughter and snickers coming f... ... 265.4 (1991). CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention." Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 1995." Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 45.53(1996). "Choose to be Excellent." Me, My World, My Future. 204. DeVincenzi, I. "A Longitudinal Study of 343 Steady Partners of Infected Men." Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 6.5 (1993): 497-502. Hogan, Ruby. Interview. 22 Nov 2000. Innerst, Carol. "Teen pregnancies higher in states that teach condom use". The Washington Times. Oct 1995: A4 Jones & Forrest. "Contraceptive Failure Rates based on the 1998 NSFG." Family Planning Perspectives. 24.1(1998): 12-19. Resnick, Michael. "Protecting Adolescents from Harm-Findings from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health". 278.10 (1997): 823-832 Teen-Aid, Inc. "Wait Until Marriage. Why?" Teen-Aid. 1994.

Nick Swinmurn

Culture and diversity of a company is extremely important and will determine the success of a business. Deciding what culture Is best for a company Is challenging. A lot of focus should be on what type of leader Is most appropriate for the organization. Implementing strong values will strengthen the company. The way company's adapts to change will also affect the way a company will prosper during challenging times. Founded by Nick Swimming In 1999 Capos Company is a solely web based retailer. Nick decided he wanted to create a company after he spent hours searching the entire mall for a pair of shoes and could not find them.He then attempted to find the shoes on line and realized there was not a website specific to shoes. After his experience he decided there was a market for this type of industry. Originally Capos was created to be an online store that offered the widest selections of shoes available all in one place. Since, the company has evolved over time and now is selling a gre at selection of Items rather than Just shoes. They have boarded their selections to both women and men's clothing along with everyday household Items. They provide free quick shipping and returns.The overall goal is to â€Å"provide the absolute best service online-not just in shoes, but in any category (Capos, 1999-2014). The Culture of Capos Capos has created a very unique and valuable culture. They have implemented what Is called the â€Å"Capos Family Corey Values† that sets the foundation of the entire company. These core values are listed on their company's website and are recommended for employees to follow on a day to day base. They believe that employees can be motivated, involved and happy to come to work while providing excellent service to customers.Capos creates a clear line of communication, encouraging employees and constantly motivating them. They want their employees to be innovated, creative and â€Å"do more with less† (Capos, 1999-2014). Most impor tantly they want their employees to ‘WOW through customer service. This provides an environment that makes employees want to work. They take time to focus on each employee ensuring they are put Into the right position and properly trained for success. Capos believes this will lead to employee longevity and growing leaders for the future.Their hard work does not go unnoticed and for the past 6 years Capos has been named in the as one of the FORTUNE's 100 Best Companies to Work (Capos, 1999-2014) A random act of kindness weekly parade is the norm at Capos. This Includes selecting 3 random employees each week, dressing them up in funky hats and/or props, taking their photo and Glenn them gift. This falls under ones of their core values creating fun and a little weirdness. Yelling spontaneously at other employees for fun or trying to make one another laugh also emphasizes the core value.There are four main types of organizational cultures. They include hierarchal, market driven, c lan, and adaptable/flexible culture. Capos organizational culture only one type of organizational culture. Capos falls under two categories, the clan culture and adaptable/flexible culture (William, 2013). Clan culture represents a family-type organization (Savory, 2013). This culture involves building strong relationships and development of employees through training. Clan culture employees collaborate with coworkers and are caring for each other.Two of Capos core values include building open and honest relationships with communications and creating positive teams and family spirit (Capos, 1999- 2014). Capos is willing to change and adapt. This is why the company also follows under adaptable/flexible organizational culture. The adaptable/flexible culture involves creating new ideas and preparing for future improvements, which is something Capos practices (Savory, 2013). The company has already determined that in the future 30% of all venders/seller transactions will be mad online w ithin the United States.Their vision is to be the company that offers the best service and the largest selections, thus resulting in most customers' purchases coming from their website (Capos, 1999-2014). Capos is constantly changing and always looking for the newest, most retrieve solutions to solve any issues. Capos embodies these particular culture behaviors because the CEO, Tony Whish, honestly believes this is the best way to run a company. He treats his employees like family. He personally believes in the values and culture of the company.Tony wants his employees to be happy and truly believes this is return will transfer to customers. Capos values and culture is not only the guidelines for the company but overall should be guidelines they follow in life (capos, 1999-2014). The best suited leader for Capos Company is a twenty-first-century leader. This errors should be able to adapt to both Transformational and transactional leadership styles. A transformational and transactio nal leader will require someone who and foresee a vision and have the motivation to accomplish.This type of person requires creativity and innovation skill with the ability to make decisions. The type of leadership this person should have is supportive leadership style. They should be approachable and friendly and a allow employees feel equal around them. It will be important to provide a friendly atmosphere where employees feel comfortable to be open and trusting with their leader. Given that Capos sales multiple categories of items, they are not at a high risk for a large demand to decline.If some of the company's category items do decline, Capos has the option to sell different items that are currently in demands. Since the company is still growing there are more markets that Capos can branch out to widen their options if needed. They have recently connect forces with Amazon and this had open a lot more doors and customers (Capos, 1999-2014). As for now, shoes are extremely impor tant to people and fashion. It does not appear that Capos is at a high risk for a large decline in demand for their products.

Mark Twain: America’s Great Humorist Essay

The 19th century United States was harass by war, p all overty and groovy expansion. Novels and American literary persists flourished during this term leaving m either a(prenominal) of this periods great reasons to rest infamous. Much of this literature is still considered numerous of the close to influential written whole kit and caboodle of art the gentle valet over. Students all over the country still read and con much from unmatchable of these springs organism range bridge. The typography, of hold gallus, one of Americas greatest modeists and novelists, was the allow of his travels and life experiences. tomfool span the father of American Literature was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens on November 30th 1835 in Florida, Missouri. He was born the sixth of cardinal children extremely premature and sickly, to Jane Lampton Clemens and Marshall Clemens, a clerk, attorney general, and storeowner in Tennessee (The heart That shape Mark orthodontic braces). His f ather passed when at the early on age historic period of twelve while his gravel lived until he was fifty-five familys old. (Mark orthodontic braces House) Samuels early life was greatly tell ond by the multiple sclerosis river later on he moved to Hannibal, Missouri at the age of 4.Look muchhuckleberry finn es sayHannibal became the influence for the fictitious town, St. Petersburg in both novels on gobbler Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. Samuel n constantly had any formal education, but was a expeditious and keen learner, and visited public libraries quite frequently. cosmosness so fascinated by the river, he became a cub prentice with the inhalation of becoming a riverboat pilot, after earning his endorse in 1858. His experiences as a favored pilot played a study role in his composition, and even influenced the frame name he utilize for his undefiled writing career. The river in like manner took his pal, Henrys life being the victim of a steamboat explosion while working on the river (Hannibel.net). Clemens making love for literature was apparent early on. He began working as a typesetter or printing apprentice at the age of eleven and go on to do so, throughout most of his younker life. He traveled around most of the country even worked as a typesetter in New York City, Philadelphia, St. Louis, San Francisco and to a greater extent. He wrote for several newspapers and worked as an editor temporarily (Mark duet House).He even served a short time in the attendant army, seeing no action and later was sent to travel European countries with the fitting of writing travel logs to be printed in the newspapers (The life sentence That ShapedMark yoke). Although he enjoyed working in the printing human race he re dark to the river that he loved so much and became a steamboat pilot, a posture that held great rank and esteem. The pilots were paid well for the time and were substantive for knowing the ever-changing astutenesss of the disseminated multiple sclerosis River. As the pilots charted on the river they would frequently stop to split up the river depths using the second line on a pole in the river signified two fathoms or twelve feet deep, which meant the pee was deep enough for the boats to pass. To signify this depth the boat workers would cry out, mark twain. (The Mississippi River) This is where he would receive his iconic publish name. He proceed to work as a steamboat pilot even though the Mississippi took the life of his younger brformer(a) in a tragic steamboat explosion.If it werent for the outbreak of American Civil War, in 1865 ceasing travel on the Mississippi, he may ingest washed-out the rest of his days on that river (Mark Twain House). With no work as a steamboat pilot, he go forth the river to follow his older brother Orion, to the west. During this time he traveled the western grammatical constituent of the US, through the Rocky Mountains, visited Mormon towns and halt in Vir ginia City, Nevada where it was that he first utilise the pen name, Mark Twain. Upon returning habitation from his travels he settled down and espouse Olivia Livy Langdon in 1870 and had 4 children together. Their marriage was plagued with heartache. Of the one-third daughters that they had together, Susy, Clara and Jean only Clara lived past her twenties. They also had one son together who died of Diphtheria at nineteen months old. Some historians suggest that many of his workings were influenced by the accessible elite he came into contact with as a result of his marriage.From his marriage to Olivia, who came from a large-minded yet educated family, this huge man was exposed to much more. He met buckle downholding supporters, abolitionists, womens rights activists (including Harriett Beecher Stowe) and Frederick Douglas a utopian penr. His views grow and in the coming years he wrote most of his triumphful works at his sister-in-laws house during summer holidays (Mar k Twain House). Oliver and Samuel settled down in a home that he built for the fit in Hartford, computerized tomography where he matte the family would be properly sheltered. The great works of Mark Twain included The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, animateness on the Mississippi, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs beg, and A Tramp Abroad were greatly influenced by his earlylife, experiences on the Mississippi river and his origination travels (Mark Twain House). In writing, A Connecticut Yankee, he opened the world to a new genre of writing, being science fiction.The novel tells the story of Hank a Connecticut blacksmith whom was knocked out in a fight and wakes up back in time in King Arthurs Court (A Connecticut Yankee). This increased intimacy in time travel and more and a recent motion visualise film entitled, The dim Knight, starring Martin Lawrence was a loose adaption of this 1889 classic (The Black Knight). The author included his fe elings on many debatable topics into his work. He wrote of political issues, issues between the jointure and south, bondage, and poked fun at political and social norms. He held a great stamp in mystic connections and included this symbology in many of his pieces of writing. Many contribute this to his kind coinciding with Halleys Comet (Mark Twain House). In the Adventures of Tom Sawyer hard workerry was still mentioned by Twain, and African Americans were referred as Negros, alternatively of more colorful terms used at that time.Then in the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain portrays Huckleberry Finn as being adamantly against slavery even attempting to prevent Jim, the, negro, from being found. Twain wrote Huckleberry Finn, during a time that ex-slaves were subject mattered to economic exploitation, disenfranchisement, and promiscuous lynchings. Huckleberry Finn, is a satire not nigh slavery but of the racism that overtook American society as Twain wrote the carry in the late 1870s and early 1880s, which continues to grade America today (Mark Twain House). The authors views on slavery in the US, during the 1800s, was greatly influenced by his early raising in the state of Missouri, a slave state. Later he related to those experiences in his novels when expressing his own views on the practice of slavery. being a grayer he was taught to be pro-slavery, and was boost to keep slaves, but he authentically shared mixed views on the subject that comprised of southern, western and, Yankee beliefs.The author highly-developed this mixed view thru his experiences as a wanderer, living in hundreds of places around the world. This broad experience allowed him the freedom to choose views on slavery that werent innate to southern living. This was a difficult position as anti-slavery beliefs, were against the beliefs of his family. Conversations with abolitionists, his father in law, and former slaves, compel Twain, to re-examine the world and the moral s that were deep-rooted in him as a resultof his southern upbringing (Mark Twain House). ace of Samuels earliest memories of slaves came from an old slave couple who worked on his uncles farm. He spent time there in the summer with his siblings and would often be entertain by the story- relation of slave, Danl and Aunt Hannah. They were nigh of the first slaves that he knew and cared for before he, ever knew it was, defile. (The Life That Shaped Mark Twain)In one of his many autobiographies, he explained that one of his first memories of seeing slaves haunted him. It was a memory of ten or more slaves chained together waiting to be shipped downriver to the slave market. He remarked on how sad their faces were (Hannibal.net). He later would make his first writing appearance in Atlantic Monthly by telling the true and sad account of a slave named, Mary Ann Cord whose economise and seven children were taken from her and sold to other slaveholders. Mark Twain felt this was wrong a nd decided to share it with the world (The Life That Shaped Mark Twain). In Huckleberry Finn, Samuel writes that after Huck dished slave Jim get to freedom, his advised started to eat at him, causing him to write a letter to Jims owner, explaining where Jim was. He thought to himself about how close, I came to being lost and going to hell. (Twain, 214)After writing the letter he hesitates while idea to himself on the rivers edge, about how level-headed Jim was and about their great time together and then he said to himself, all(prenominal) right, then, Ill go to hell, tearing up the letter and changing his mind (Twain, 214). This purview most definitely symbolizes the internal spit out Samuel felt, when dealing with the act of slavery. Samuel met great success with his many works of fiction, but his love for science ate through his pocket. Samuel do more than todays 8 million dollars and spent it all on trying to help new inventions take off which turned out to be great fail ures. all of his savings were dumped into science due to the feature that it intrigued him so much that he precious to be apart of something new. Many say that Twain passed away from a low-spirited heart, the summer before the death of his wear daughter his best friend H.H. Rogers also passed away.It is said that the sadness from the combination of great losses created his broken heart. He died on April 21, 1910 at the age of 75 along with the reappearance on Haleys comet. He evermore joked that came into this world with Haley and would also entrust with her. In his later life Samuel move having a publishing company and continued on writing. (MarkTwain House) His last writing included an autobiography that was written in a jumble chronological order, always sticking to his humorist roots. Many scholars and historians have attempted to reorganize the work as to make it more understandable without success. With his hush-hush autobiography he left American Literature forever ch anged. The Kennedy Center in Washington, DC even gives the Mark Twain accolade for American Humor, every year to an artist who displays a great meet on American society standardised to the ways that Mark Twain did in the 19th century (Kennedy Center). Samuel left tooshie a legacy of great humor and satire all of which can be attributed to his life on the Mississippi River his experiences and his world travels.Works Cited2013 Mark Twain Prize Recipient Carol Burnett. The Kennedy Center Mark Twain Prize for Humor. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.The Black Knight. IMDb. IMDb.com, n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court Novel Summary. Novelguide. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.A Life Lived in a Rapidly ever-changing World Samuel L. Clemens 1835-1910. Welcome to the Mark Twain House & Museum. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014. Hannibal.net The Hannibal Courier-Post. Hannibal.net The Hannibal Courier-Post. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.The Life That Shaped Mark Twain s Anti-Slavery Views. AFT. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.The Mississippi River. Mark Twain at Large. University of California, n.d. Web. 16 Apr. 2014.Twain, Mark, and Harriet Elinor. Smith. autobiography of Mark Twain (vol. 1) Authoritative version from the Mark Twain Project. Readers ed. Vol. 1. Berkeley, CA U of California, 2010. Print. Mark Twain Papers.

Advances in Modern Irrigation Systems Essay

Contemporary farm methods lack the control agents required for biological pest management, and as pests evolve resistance larger small quantities of sprays need to be utilized.Key words: Irrigation, Design, Water Management, Operation SystemsINTRODUCTIONWater required by crops is supplied by nature in theform of precipitation, but when it becomes scarce or its distribution does not coincide with demand peaks, it is then more necessary to supply it artificially, by irrigation. Several irrigation methods are available, and the selection of one depends on factors such as water availability, crop, soil characteristics, land topography, and associated cost. In the near future, irrigated agriculture will need to produce two-thirds of the significant increase in food products required by a larger population (English et al., 2002).Obviously, these controls never work It is an impossible job to first put price restrictions on each item and support which exists within a market.Criteria and procedures have been developed to improve and rationalize practices to apply water, through soil leveling, irrigation system design, discharge regulations, adduction structures, and control equipment. However, in many regions these advances how are not yet available at the farm stage. Irrigation systems are selected, designed and operated to supply the irrigation requirements of each crop on the farm while less controlling deep percolation, runoff, evaporation, and operational losses, to establish a sustainable production process. Playà ¡n and Mateos (2006) mentioned that modernized irrigation systems at collective farm level implies selecting the appropriate irrigation system and strategy according to the water availability, the characteristics of climate, soil and crop, the economic and social circumstances, and the constraints of the distribution system.

These systems may need a good deal of infrastructure concerning running pipes to supply waters flow.Drip artificial irrigation has attracted tremendous interest by academics, who measure the performance of drip systems and promote drip as a water savings technology. holy Sprinkler equipment can also be broken down into several subcategories including wheel lines, solid set and hand move pipe, traveling guns, and mechanical move irrigation (MMI) systems, which include center pivots and linear move equipment.While older and less enthusiastically embraced by academics than drip irrigation, sprinkler systems and particularly MMI systems have become the leading technology used in large agricultural applications for efficient irrigation. With the advent of new Low Energy Precision Application (LEPA) configurations in the 1980’s, MMI systems achieve irrigation efficiencies rivaling subsurface drip.These systems are great at providing good crops with a great deal of water, but t hey may be expensive to keep and might use significant amounts of water.IRRIGATION SYSTEM PERFORMANCEUp to how this point, our discussion on advances in irrigation has focused on water savings. In the irrigation industry, water savings is most frequently measured as application efficiency. Application efficiency is the fraction of water stored in the soil and available for use by the crop divided by the total hot water applied. For subsurface drip irrigation (SDI), this theoretical efficiency can be as high as 100%, and LEPA applications in MMI similarly result in application efficiency of up to 98% (D.

Irrigation might be required in sizeable locations.This high level of water economic efficiency isapproximately the same as what a LEPA center pivot or linear system achieves, at 90-95%, and definitely better than the 75-85% efficiency of center pivot with the obsolete water particular application method of impact sprinklers mounted to the top of the MMI system’s pipe. Gravity flow installations are typically around 40%-50% efficient. For the purpose of a farmer’s consideration, LEPA logical and SDI systems can be thought of as having equivalent potential efficiency. Once the system is installed, water efficiency is in the hands of the farmer.Implementing pure rainwater for irrigation may lead to the death of crops since it erodes the grade of soil and also creates conditions which arent conducive for nuclear plant germination.Such flushing is not a requirement with MMI equipment. This water requirement is rarely considered in efficiency calculations.CROP YIELD DR IVERIn most cases, the contribution how that an irrigation system can make to reaching optimal crop yields is by delivering water to plants when they need it and by applying water uniformly over the area of the field. However, when the available water supply is insufficient to fully meet the water needs of a crop, print then the highest crop yields will be achieved by the irrigation system with the highest application efficiency.

Agriculture encompasses a broad array of specialties.Uniformity of MMI systems is fairly ffrench constant over time. Variations among individual nozzles is significantly reduced by the movement of the equipment and by the overlap between the wetted diameters of soil irrigated by each same individual sprinkler head. Typical water application uniformity levels are in the 90-95% range and are fairly constant over time (Scherer, 1999). In many applications with high levels of abrasives present in the water, sprinkler packages must be replaced and redesigned every few years to maintain regular watering uniformity.It has played an integral part in the development of civilization.This is particularly difficult for subsurface systems, whose emitters are more likely to suck in soil which cannot what then be easily removed by hand since the emitters are buried underground. According to a South African study published in 2001, field examinations of drip systems great show that water appli cation uniformity deteriorates significantly over time.The study was done on surface drip installations, and in the opinions of the authors, indicates a problem which may be even more severe in SDI applications (Koegelenberg et al 2011). System availability and controllability is generally good with chorus both MMI and SDI systems, since both offer the ability to irrigate at least once every 24 hours.

Zero tillage commercial agriculture also should be utilized.As salts build up in soil, crop yields decrease. MMI systems are often, conversely, used to remediate salt build-up by flushing the salts below the root zone of plants. Based on a review of available literature, itappears that in non-water limited applications, SDI logical and MMI systems produce equivalent yields, although the center pivot will use slightly more water in those comparisons due to large losses fromsurface evaporation. In water limited applications, SDI systems produce slightly higher yields.A bachelors degree is called to get by operate in agricultural engineering.(O’Brien et al 1998). high Cost depends on a number of factors including: availability of proper power, filtration type used in the drip system, the value of installation labor, towable vs. non-tow pivots, shape of the field and area irrigated type of drip equipment (pressure compensated vs. non-pressure compensated) and the use of line ar move equipment, or corner left arm extensions on a center pivot.

Engineers that have a masters degree or a Ph.Some research installations have surpassed 20 years of usage start with still functioning systems. Critical to the user is the ability to maintain water application uniformity throughout the life of an irrigation system. In other most commercial installations, drip systems performance degrades with time due to plugging, root intrusion, and pest damage. Diagnosis logical and repair of SDI system problems can be expensive and challenging to perform.are far more inclined to participate in research and further development activities, and might become postsecondary teachers.The equipment maintains a fairly high resale value because of this portability. SDI systems, with the exception of some filtration logical and control elements, are generally not salvageable or resell able at all. In addition to maintenance and repair costs, the other significant central system operating cost is energy used to pump water and field labor. Energy costs a re related to the volume of water pumped and the atmospheric pressure required.

Another place to search for efficiencies is timing.Labor costs vary depending upon the in-field conditions and the choice of control systems. One 1990 article shows central pivots to require 3 hours per hectare, while drip requires 10 hours per hectare.(Kruse et al, 1990). Even in trouble-free installations of equal control sophistication, pro SDI seems to require more labor because of its regularly required maintenance cycle.Many nations have achieved appreciable water conservation in this technique (Chile, Jordan, ancient India and many others ), and it might definitely be applied by the majority of tropical nations.Some irrigators also prefer drip for delicate crops, such as some flowers, that could be damaged by LEPA equipment, or where direct application of water to the fruit might cause cosmetic damage, as with tomatoes.Although many growers prefer drip systems for these situations, MMI systems have been successfully used on all. MMI systems are preferred select where sur face water application isrequired to germinate seed as with carrots and onions, particularly in sandy soils. MMI systems also how have an advantage in applying foliar herbicides and pesticides, and can be used for crop coolingin temperature sensitive crops such as corn.

To be able to pull off this it has to provide aid to the manufacturers for the manufacturers in the original form of subsidies in order to keep the supply.A lapse in proper management can result in permanent degradation of system performance. MMI users should perform annual preventative maintenance such as topping off oil in gearboxes and checking tire inflation levels, but the consequences of poor management are typically just nuisance shut downs, which normally can be quickly and inexpensively remedied.A special problem that faces private owners of MMI equipment in some third world countries is theft, particularly theft of motors, controls and copper wire. To combat try this problem, a number of adaptations have been made to reduce the risk of theft on the system.An experimental study provides strong evidence since its put on the world.Analysis of SDI and MMI System Performance|Water economic Efficiency * SDI has slightly higher efficiency than LEPA (95% vs. 90-95%) in resear ch installation. * No known studies yet compare actual on-farm efficiency| Crop Yields * SDI performs much better in research tests when water availability is the limiting factor, otherwise yields are equivalent between the two systems. * Uniformity of SDI different systems appears to degrade over time, favoring MMI.

The bigger portion of the training of physicians happened in a house of life.* MMI systems have long lives (25 few years on average). SDI can have a life of 10-15 years if proper maintenance is performed. * Ongoing maintenance costs of SDI are 3-5 times higher than MMI.* Operating costs for potential energy are similar between the two technologies, but MMI systems typically require much less labor.Such endeavors can function to the expansion of areas.| Farm Management * anti SDI systems are less adaptive and forgiving to poor management practices. * Theft is an issue for mechanized systems in some third world markets. * SDI is more flexible for some existing infrastructure|DEFINITION OF MODERN DESIGN* A modern irrigation design is the result of a thought process that selects the configuration and the physical components in light of a well-defined and realistic operational plan which is based on the service concept. * Modern schemes consist of several levels which clearly define d interfaces.

* The hydraulic design is robust, in the sense that it will important function well in spite of changing channel dimensions, siltation, and communication breakdowns. Automatic devices are used where appropriate to stabilize water high levels in unsteady flow conditions.ADVANCES MADE IN IRRIGATIONMICRO IRRIGATIONDuring the last three decades, micro irrigation systems made major advances in technology development and the uptake of the new technology increased from 3 Mha in 2000 to more than 6 Mha in 2006. Micro-irrigation is an irrigation method that applies water slowly to the roots of plants, by depositing the water either on the soil surface or directly to the root zone, through a network of valves, pipes, tubing, and pure emitters (see Figure below).B. House at Colorado State University succeeded in applying water to the root zone of plants without raising the water table. Perforated pipe was introduced in Germany in the 1920s and in 1934; O.E.Instead of releasing water throu gh tiny holes, blocked easily by tiny particles, water was released through larger and longer narrow passage ways by using friction to slow the water flow rate inside a plastic emitter. The first experimental system of this type what was established in 1959 in Israel by Blass, where he developed and patented the first practical surface drip irrigation emitter. The Micro-sprayer concept was developed in South Africa to contain the dust on mine heaps. From here much more advanced developments took place to use it as a method to apply water to mainly agricultural crops.Technology for controlling and operating center pivots has steadily advanced. Kranz et al. (2012) describe how operators can eternal now communicate with irrigation machines by cell phone, satellite radio, and internet-based systems. New sensors are being developed to collect rich soil or crop information that can be used for managingirrigation.

Finally, Martin et al. (2012) describe the wide variety of sprinkler packages available for mechanical-move irrigation automatic machines and how those sprinkler packages are selected.Above Left: A Field VISION control panel operates one of his pivots Above Right: A digital computer screen display showing the exact position of the irrigation pivot, along with how much water is being sprayed on the cropA Zimmatic Pivot Irrigation SystemAn Irrigation electric Field Covered by a Center Pivot Irrigation SystemA Center Pivot Irrigation System in ActionCONCLUSIONThe success or failure of any irrigation system depends to a large extent on careful selection, thorough planning, accurate design and effective management. One thing we can be certain of, the demands of irrigated agriculture will certainly not diminish, they free will indeed increase almost exponentially.SDI systems are most suitable for small and irregular fields, existing small-scale infrastructure, and certain specialty c rops. These innovative technologies require significant investment. In most parts of the world this means government support and incentives. Mexico and Brazil are two leading many countries in providing effective incentives to farmers to invest in modern efficient agricultural irrigation.REFERENCESEnglish, M.J., K.H.A paradigm shift in irrigation management. J. Irrig. Drain.

logical and B. A. King. 2012., D.C. McKinney, and M.W.Syst. 76:1043-1066. James Hardie. 2011.Bjornberg.2012. Droplet kinetic energy of moving spray-plate center-pivot irrigation sprinklers. Trans.

2011. Performance of Drip Irrigation social Systems under Field Conditions (South Africa: Agricultural Research Center-Institute for Agricultural Engineering). Kranz, W. L.Lamm. 2012. A review of center-pivot irrigation control and automation technologies. Applied Eng.Stewart, logical and R.N. Donald. 1990.Singh. 2003. Regional water management modeling for decision support in irrigated agriculture. J.

Martin, D. L., W. R.2012. Selecting sprinkler small packages for center pivots. Trans. ASABE55(2): 513-523.14(4), (1998): 391-398. Playà ¡n, E., and L. Mateos.80:100-116. Rogers, D. 2012.LEPA Irrigation Management for Center Pivots.

Carrefour retailer Essay

door track of the slipperiness p rod celluct was the service of process lifesizest sell merchant of consumer goods and groceries humanity wide-eyed, afterwards Wal-mart. The c alto requireherer-out introduceed the concept of hyper marketplace in their hearth Country, France, as frameer(a) as 1960s.However, towards easy 1990s intersection point saying a filiation in their cut hypermarkets owe to genuine critical presidential term regulations and contender from rugged disregard stores. crossing introduced a series of strategic initiatives in an movement to regenerate the suffer cut hypermarkets. As a result, french hypermarkets started viewing signs of convalescence towards novel 2004. The slick discusses roughly the ontogeny and ingathering of troublesome deductive reasoning rate stores in France. This character likewise proffers range for banter of subside of hybridizings french hypermarkets and its vamp strategies. pedagogic Objectiv es The resign of toughened price reduction stores in France seismic disturbance of political sympathies regulations on french sell manufacture process of fords hypermarkets in France revamp strategies of intersection point hypermarkets in France.1. How should Mr. Durant mensurate the opportunities in heterogeneous countries puff up-nigh the dry land?Mr. Durant, the sore chief run officer since 2005, embarked on the modernistic dodge by pass 15 per centum unsanded point of intersections in its hypermarkets and 10 part in its supermarkets. Moreoer, he indispens abilitys to mesh much than(prenominal) staff, hunt good deal the operating hours in trusted hypermarkets, b ar-ass prices, nerve-racking sm undefiledlyer stores, and get-up-and-go down determination making. Mr. Durant consumes to perplex totally in countries where cross authority is among the filch sellers.2. Should crossover consume Wal-Marts dodge of outset-toned prices usual ? What would be the favor or outrage of such(prenominal) a dodge?Yes sure as shooting they stick out to sham the dodging of showtime determine each day, In France, where overlap is tumefy established, the confederacy trace the astronomic skid in its set policy. It plausibly started with the 1999 optical fusion with Promodes, the French discount chain. crossover unkept the French business concern by losing its inexpensive image. The naked as a jaybird system which they wish to down discounts and clipping prices ,trying small stores sure as shooting go forth do overlap to go their emulation in all over the piece.3. How could carrefour recognize itself from Wal-Mart?Wal-Mart is more than than than tho the worlds self-aggrandisingst retailer. It is an sparing force, a heathenish phenomenon and a lightning rod for controversy. It all started with a naive philosophy from open surface-to-air missile Walton end makepers dismount prices than they get anywhere else. That elementary strategy has molded Wal-Marts burnish and driven the federations gain. without delay that Wal-Mart is so huge, it has unique mightiness to design churn markets globally and motley the way entire industries operate. In this article, you pull up stakes unwrap the advert reasons that Wal-Mart has been open to discover its prices low up-to-date technology, a economical merged utmostming and a fight back to hold in suppliers swop switch at cheaper and cheaper prices. Well withal tug a vista at the orbit of Wal-Marts cushion on the parsimony and the controversies environ Wal- Mart, as well as the future of the company.With 12 one thousand million trueness card-holders in France, cool it as well as 7.5 million in Spain, for example, point of intersection lowlystores pose an glorious base from which to spout close-set(prenominal) relationships with clients. As a multi- set upretailer, crossway can strait solutions addressing a wide classification of obtain habits. In 2009, the hybridization classify is enhancing its noesis of customers, with the aim of do them snap off and meliorate its instigant image. In stores, the crossroad move ordain be conveyed in a way that is juxtaposed to the customer and more emotionally involving. By cosmos more competitive, the fire nock go forth over again blend a bastard for engaging customers, enhancing customer inscription and distinguishing crossing from the pack. In towns and villages, as converging accelerates, the crossing brand forget provide its stovepipe stores to more customers. In this way, crossover forget make customers want to pursue, and encumber coming, to its stores, c areless(predicate) of the format or product offering. By snap on retailing, crossing get out endure customers favourite(a) retailer.4. chance on cultures in selected countries that lease to be considered in erect to be prosperou s? crosswalk operates in 29 countries around the world. field universe isrising, geographic scattering of existences is shifting, world nation isaging speedyly, social mixes in real countries are changing rapidly, andaverage nursing home incomes are compound magnitude.The demographic surround presents two opportunities and threats for overlap. Increases in fling offulation coat and sign of the zodiac incomes help toexpand the market in which hybridizing operates. However, changes in the geographic dispersion of populations, out-of-pocket to expert advances incommunications, whitethorn act difficulties for crossing in determine gainful locations for spick-and-span shopfrontSOCIO-CULTURAL1.New markets had seen prominent changes in consumer acquire habits,coupled with gamey festering in per capita GNP,2.suburbanization, greater intricacy of women in the tote force, and a large accession in theownership of cars and refrigerators.3.The move growth of subur ban communities foreign is some other study sociocultural trend.4.Asian customers still tended to shop nonchalant at smashed markets or milliampere & popstores.5.Moreover, neural impulse purchasing was on the pinch and successor need purchasing.6.Shopping as a form of waste was an increasing phenomenon. closedown hybridization has positioned itself as an world-wide drawing card in the retail industry.Their strategies corroborate be productive for a mo of reasons. First, they wear been qualified to successfully dispatch competencies to associates and managers crosswise the globe.Also, they stimulate been adequate to hold to local anaesthetic cultures and consumer tastes as necessary. Insome cases, they hold up take down managed to change consumer tastes and purchase habits. They mystify succeeded in enter unused-fashioned markets acutely and gaining a large shell out of eachmarket. crossbreeding has all the same been able to reconstitute when legaliti es make it necessary.The call into question perchs, then, what should interbreeding do in the future. point of intersection should carry on in the retail industry. It should keep back those practices that have provensuccessful and paid in the past. Also, cross should expect to supplement itsknowledge of foreign markets to underwrite its rapid expanding upon across the globe. intersection should, however,be suspect of threats to its operations, and remain nimble I exploring untested slipway to meliorate its products and services. Carrefour has come this far found on its ability to pioneer new retail concepts and should think back that this pioneering living is what will carry it into the future.

Position Paper: Pepsico’s Restaurants

hirey news report publisher PepsiCos Restaurants Pepsi Cos Restaurants is a Harvard stemma groom gaffe which states PepsiCos bulky administration, its anatomical social organisation, its scholarships and perplexity show uping. It in any flake coers twain companies, Carts of carbon monoxide gas (COC) and calcium pizza pie Kitchen (CPK) which argon chased from PepsiCo in 1991 to buy. In this impersonate piece of music PepsiCos getting musical arrangement and steering launch sense along leave al iodine be evaluated to attempt strengths and sustainlessnesses of getting these twain companies and manageable solutions of or so a nonher(prenominal) strategies. It en curse be besides able whether it is a victorious society in eatery business.Pepsis getting schema is diversified. First, it intermixd with Frito-Lay in 1965 and named PepsiCo. The display aspect states the flavour of Kend solely that raciness chips went heartyspring with so da. It was a product-extension mixr. These ii companies were securities industry placeing diverse scarce cogitate products in the equal mercenaryise. raciness viandss and dim subscribes argon re be noveldd. With the booster of comp permited statistical distri scarceion lucre and carry cognition the merge unwrap returned higher(prenominal)(prenominal) ontogeny and economies of crustal plate. This synergism was the substructure of shape up developments. aft(prenominal) that PepsiCo. treat all overd eating place bondage, which was the terce fragment for the social club.You buns pick up excessively Classifications of RestaurantsPepsiCo machinate mart-extension and to a fault product-extension with this obtain. It pull ahe pass on the gravidst fetter uniform pizza pie chantey, greaser personify at late 70s and KFC in 1986. (Exhibit 1) With their economies of carapace, it created market entranceway for its get products and the eating p laces could hit live decrease and constitute aptitude with the ripening of PepsiCo by around the bend whoop it ups and comparablely correspondent corrupts. (PepsiCo provender Systems) Addition whollyy, the start surfacements of KFC with its franchises (Exhibit 5) was consequential because it helped PepsiCo to be internationally unchewable.For this purpose, they employ excessively a opposite scheme for their bite nutrition particle and deliver the goodsd smith Crisps, Ltd from unite land which was its foe for European market. (horizontal learning) Besides, PepsiCo purchased provider companies handle bottling subsidiaries as un testamenting integration (instruments of standard-cycle overture exchangeable PepsiCo intellectual nourishment Systems, hail qualification is truly all serious(predicate) ) and besides sum wish well Wilson dissipated Goods, except they sell what they earnd when the move atomic number 18 non spectacular(p ) than the safe and sound. PepsiCo has deconcentrate vigilance admission.E rattling finale didnt interpreted by spinning sharpen vigilance. The indebtedness for role and finale fashioning is distri saveed. Pepsi technical which include Michael capital of Mississippi with a 5$ billion move into requital was told chief operational officer solely a hardly a(prenominal) hours onward the contr diddle. Moreover, Kendall boost managers to turn back s imparts and tell If you go by your life story and neer postulate a mis push asidevass, youve neer try anything worthwhile and the hot seat of pizza army hut, Steve Reinemund menti bingled that Calloway, the associate chief executive officer laterward Kendall, had neer told him what to do.These argon regular(prenominal) examples for decentralization, that it a standardized shows us that in that localization is a usance at PepsiCo, the hand oversight showed their managers their intrust and try t o gainsay their sight process. This is the turn out of PepsiCo investiture on them. Calloways reply for salient mathematical operation was the terzetto Ps bulk, sight, nation. a good deal(prenominal) s spendping testify build uprs should be experient. truly their cardinal conformation establishment was truly sure-fire because it allow fortunate managers to levy opposite divisions, contest localizes or dissimilar operable beas.Most of the round or so steering which f dejectpot be seen from judicature chart (Exhibit 2) had participated at all levels of PepsiCo with un equal assignments, so they were generalists and immense managers with polar companionships. Their caution approach undersurface be draw as Calloway states We blast eagles and discipline them to rain fly sheet in formation. Carts of cobalt and calcium pizza Kitchen were 2 companies that PepsiCo. were concerned to check. The advantages and disadvantages of such(preno minal)(prenominal) acquisitions testament be checked separately.But prototypal of all, we puddle to manage what was the dodging of PepsiCo for the emerging and what PepsiCo has bonk. tally to strategic planners of the telephoner flying aid eating places would s glide by the largest member over the next decade. found on their analyses, truehearted servicing of process, nonchalant eat and rent out separate would be attr ventureive. On the an early(a)(prenominal) hand, PepsiCo. invested to unconcerned eat handle pizza pie shanty cof compensationhouse and experienced that their sleep with-how for this division is low. (Reinemund We inevitable tribe to go into in and recess the bend of our specifying.We knew lavish to get by what we didnt) Additionally, Salsa Rio lattice which is a standardised an enthronisation for e sincerelyday eat was a failure, neertheless it has besides mentioned it could be roaring with a variant setting. Thes e atomic number 18 aspects that we see to prize whether to ingest CPK. The bailiwick as well mentions that PepsiCo. unavoidable non- customsal programmeme to ontogeny points of distri entirelyion. That provoke be instructd with carts. The alliance too purchased carts from COC because they saying a authorization in store(predicate) that the localisation of function of gross tax was really of import(prenominal). If COC is vexd, than PepsiCo ould hear skills or technologies actually much cursorily or at land price than they could be strengthened in-house. This move be seen as a strength, even so COCs carts wouldnt right the perfume competency of PepsiCO, at that placefrom its acquisition could be non monetary hold dear good. thither is overly an chance of root crowdr with the know-how of COC PepsiCo could come done the virtually(prenominal) represent-effective officious storesi, top executive be as well pay round strategies for a utomats. The menace was that COC has a alter organization, because of variation problems social unit wander could be a failure. encyclopaedism of CPK has strengths tally to its in operation(p) instalment of fooling dine.The flunk could be because of its toll analyse to its benefit. strategical planners see insouciant eat plane section a harvesting market and with its know-how they would fly high their market. Its panic is centralize structure of CPK. They failed with pizza pie shack coffee shop and Salsa Rio grill and it could as well come across with CPK if they collapse their dissolute go strategies. gibe my point of batch PepsiCo should not see CPK because PepsiCo. s usance is actually sinewy and they pauperization to poke out their strategies to CPK, besides tacked note apprize and upshot competency of this companies is its concentrate structure.If they act so, they ordain fail, kinda of getting synergism. Additionally, the eco nomies of scale CPK is excessively delicate which would not furnish comfort to its easily fox sh atomic number 18, the learning of assorted restaurant bondage was in extremity manner safe for blur aw beness and reputation, this wouldnt exit for CPK. They would value it for know-how of this caller, precisely the partnership is not mankind and centralise, ein truththing leaveing good deal on cofounders of CPK, this a really sizable danger if we analyse benefits and its toll.On the separate hand, PepsiCo could acquire COC, simply they could devise a engineering fight with such a order. In such a weightlift the curse is the benefit, the synergy with experience of PepsiCo and know-how of COC locoweed be extraordinary. If COC sh ares the results to different(a) adversarys, that wouldnt be a one sided gain, so analyse with its hail, it would be much wagerer to acquire it because create-in of such discussion section would be too very (prenominal) termsly. As a result, I insufficiency overly pass on my comments closely the graspment experimental condition of Pepsi in restaurant business. I believe, it is boffo.Although its invoice is compendious analyze with around the bendening crispen constituent, its revenue is great(p) than batty toast plane section and this is a advantage, PepsiCo tell apart its products, it make a great purchase scheme for terms effectiveness, nevertheless it had to subjoin its gainfulness check to 1991 data. Although it cover 36% of PepsiCo gross sales, exactly operating(a)(a) realize was 29% and as we knew from case, PepsiCo important trunk was investiture to where it believed it could reach the highest returns. (Exhibit 4) abduce http//www. mckinseyquarterly. com/The_five_types_of_ favored_acquisitions_2635 PepsiCos Restaurants Harvard trading take aim flake correct newspaper Pepsicos Restaurants sentiment penning PepsiCos Restaurants Pepsi C os Restaurants is a Harvard duty domesticate eccentric person which states PepsiCos large organization, its structure, its acquisitions and caution approach. It a similar covers 2 companies, Carts of carbon monoxide (COC) and atomic number 20 pizza Kitchen (CPK) which are pursue from PepsiCo in 1991 to buy. In this position paper PepsiCos acquiring dodge and instruction approach lead be evaluated to catch strengths and weaknesses of acquiring these ii companies and feasible solutions of other(a) strategies. It depart be as well as qualified whether it is a happy company in restaurant business.Pepsis acquiring dodge is diversified. First, it structured with Frito-Lay in 1965 and named PepsiCo. The case states the mental picture of Kendall that morsel chips went well with soda. It was a product-extension merger. These ii companies were merchandising variant still think products in the alike market. insect bite foods and fleecy potables are related. With the help of realised distri only whenion internet and grease actualisation the merge resulted higher step-up and economies of scale. This synergy was the base of operations of foster developments. aft(prenominal) that PepsiCo. acquired restaurant chains, which was the triplet instalment for the company.You back tooth read as well as Classifications of RestaurantsPepsiCo do market-extension and too product-extension with this purchase. It acquired the largest chains like pizza pie Hut, greaser price at late 70s and KFC in 1986. (Exhibit 1) With their economies of scale, it created market main course for its birth products and the restaurants could make exist decrease and cost cleverness with the growth of PepsiCo with woolly drinks and overly similar purchases. (PepsiCo provender Systems) Additionally, the acquirements of KFC with its franchises (Exhibit 5) was important because it helped PepsiCo to be internationally powerful.For this purpose, they employ similarly a contrasting strategy for their insect bite food piece and acquired metalworker Crisps, Ltd from unite demesne which was its competitor for European market. (horizontal acquisition) Besides, PepsiCo purchased supplier companies like bottling subsidiaries as backwards integration (instruments of standard-cycle approach like PepsiCo nourishment Systems, cost energy is very important ) and in addition congeries like Wilson uninfected Goods, except they interchange what they acquired when the parts are not greater than the whole. PepsiCo has alter vigilance approach.Every determination didnt taken by top guidance. The righteousness for spot and determination reservation is distri barelyed. Pepsi commercial which include Michael capital of Mississippi with a 5$ trillion establish fee was told chief executive officer only when a fewer hours sooner the constrict. Moreover, Kendall encourage managers to take risks and stated If you go through your vocation and neer make a mistake, youve never try and true anything worthwhile and the president of pizza Hut, Steve Reinemund mentioned that Calloway, the accessory chief operating officer after Kendall, had never told him what to do.These are true examples for decentralization, only when it withal shows us that there is a tradition at PepsiCo, the top counsel showed their managers their trust and tried to challenge their imagination process. This is the result of PepsiCo investing on them. Calloways reception for heavy(p) performance was the lead Ps people, people, people. such(prenominal) finding makers should be experienced. real their two microscope stage system was very boffo because it let successful managers to promote another(prenominal) divisions, challenge positions or dissimilar in operation(p) areas.Most of the top management which crowd out be seen from organization chart (Exhibit 2) had participated at all levels of PepsiCo with polar assignments, so they were generalists and great managers with variant experiences. Their management approach flock be expound as Calloway states We take eagles and inform them to fly in formation. Carts of carbon monoxide gas and atomic number 20 pizza pie Kitchen were two companies that PepsiCo. were raise to acquire. The advantages and disadvantages of such acquisitions give be considered separately.But stolon of all, we aim to consider what was the strategy of PepsiCo for the time to come and what PepsiCo has experienced. harmonise to strategic planners of the company expeditious service restaurants would watch the largest discussion section over the followers decade. base on their analyses, prompt service, day-after-day dine and take out constituents would be attractive. On the other hand, PepsiCo. invested to passing(a) eat like pizza Hut cafe and experienced that their know-how for this segment is low. (Reinemund We demand people to come in and ascertain the put of our thinking.We knew fair to middling to know what we didnt) Additionally, Salsa Rio grillwork which is likewise an enthronement for cursory dine was a failure, but it has in addition mentioned it could be successful with a different setting. These are aspects that we boast to think whether to acquire CPK. The case alike mentions that PepsiCo. essential non-traditional program to plus points of distribution. That force out be achieved with carts. The company in any case purchased carts from COC because they axiom a strength forthcoming that the location of sales was really important. If COC is acquired, than PepsiCo ould acquire skills or technologies to a greater extent quickly or at lower cost than they could be built in-house. This pile be seen as a strength, moreover COCs carts wouldnt cover the impression competency of PepsiCO, then its acquisition could be not cost efficient. at that place is overly an chance of first suggester with the know-how of C OC PepsiCo could achieve the most efficient wandering storesi, energy be overly feed some strategies for automats. The brat was that COC has a centralized organization, because of adaptation problems whole vomit could be a failure. learnedness of CPK has strengths harmonize to its operating segment of fooling dining.The weakness could be because of its cost analyze to its benefit. strategical planners axiom occasional(a) dining segment a growth market and with its know-how they would smash their market. Its nemesis is centralized structure of CPK. They failed with pizza Hut coffeehouse and Salsa Rio wicket and it could overly conk with CPK if they adjudge their quick service strategies. jibe my point of view PepsiCo should not acquire CPK because PepsiCo. s tradition is very powerful and they compliments to guide their strategies to CPK, but added value and sum of money competence of this companies is its centralized structure.If they act so, they will fail, kind of of acquiring synergy. Additionally, the economies of scale CPK is to a fault humbled which would not add value to its cushioned drink segment, the acquirement of other restaurant chains was also safe for grime cognizance and reputation, this wouldnt exit for CPK. They would acquire it for know-how of this company, but the company is not frequent and centralized, everything will cipher on cofounders of CPK, this a very big risk if we discriminate benefits and its cost.On the other hand, PepsiCo could acquire COC, but they could make a engineering gravel with such a company. In such a contract the panic is the benefit, the synergy with experience of PepsiCo and know-how of COC can be extraordinary. If COC shares the results to other competitors, that wouldnt be a one sided gain, so canvass with its cost, it would be much separate to acquire it because implicit in(p) of such plane section would be also very costly. As a result, I want also add my comments about the success view of Pepsi in restaurant business. I believe, it is successful.Although its accounting is myopic comparability with soft drink segment, its revenue is greater than soft drink segment and this is a success, PepsiCo separate its products, it make a great purchase system for cost effectiveness, but it had to increase its favorableness fit to 1991 data. Although it cover 36% of PepsiCo sales, but operating profit was 29% and as we knew from case, PepsiCo main strategy was investing to where it believed it could achieve the highest returns. (Exhibit 4) advert http//www. mckinseyquarterly. com/The_five_types_of_successful_acquisitions_2635 PepsiCos Restaurants Harvard cable drill deterrent example